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European Journal of Applied Sciences – Vol. 9, No. 6

Publication Date: December 25, 2021

DOI:10.14738/aivp.96.11304. Antonov, A. A. (2021). Experimental Evidences for the Fallacy of the STR Version in the Physics Textbooks1. European Journal of

Applied Sciences, 9(6). 349-364.

Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom

Experimental Evidences for the Fallacy of the STR Version in the

Physics Textbooks1

Alexander Alexandrovich Antonov

Independent Researcher, Kiev, Ukraine

ABSTRACT

The article presents experimental proofs 2 of falsity of the generally accepted

version of the SRT studied in physics textbooks and truth of its alternative version.

It is explained that the practical activity of radio engineers all over the world daily

proves the principle of physical reality of imaginary numbers. Therefore, the

postulate of not exceeding the speed of light was refuted actually even before the

creation of SRT. And very complicated and expensive experiments OPERA and

ICARUS in order to disprove this postulate of STR were not really necessary and are

explained only by serious deficiencies in physics education, which ignores the need

for knowledge of radio engineering. It is shown that if the generally accepted

version of STR was true, then our world would be very different, because there

would be no television, no mobile telephony, no radar, no GPS trackers, we would

know neither the physical law of Ohm in Steinmetz interpretation, nor the physical

phenomenon of resonance, we would hear neither bell ringing nor piano music, in

nature there would be no tsunami, no 'Indian summer' and much more. Even

children’s swing wouldn’t sway after being pushed by parents. Therefore, it is

concluded that the sections of physics textbooks related to relativistic physics,

astronomy and astrophysics require correction.

Keywords: Imaginary numbers; Special theory of relativity; Relativistic formulas; Ohm’s

law; Resonance; Transient processes; Dark matter; Dark energy; Invisible universes;

Multiverse; Portals; Anomalous zones.

INTRODUCTION

Relativistic formulas given in the version of the special theory of relativity (SRT) presented for

study in physics textbooks are known to be its main scientific result. However, in cases a

physical body moves at superluminal speed, the formulas take on imaginary values, physical

sense of which could not be explained by authors of the SRT. And this is not surprising, since no

one has known so far how to explain physical sense of imaginary numbers discovered 400 years

before creation of the SRT. Indeed, everyone knows what, for example, 3 kg, 2 sec or 7 km is,

but no one, including even physicists, knows what 3 kg, 2 sec or 7 km, where , is.

1 This is reprint of the article “Antonov A.A. Experimental proofs of falsity of the version of the special theory of relativity

presented for study in physics textbooks and truth of its alternative version”. 80 International scientific conference of

Eurasian Scientific Association "Development of science and education in the context of global instability". Moscow. ESA.

2021. 8-17. (in Russian) https://esa-conference.ru/wp-content/uploads/ 2021/esa-october-2021-part1.pdf 2 In the Thirty Years’ War Cardinal Richelieu, prompted by similar considerations, ordered to inscribe upon cannons the

following text: “Ultima ratio regum”. And the last argument of scientists is experiments.

i i i i = - 1

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European Journal of Applied Sciences (EJAS) Vol. 9, Issue 6, December-2021

Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom

Actually no one needs such knowledge in our everyday human life. This knowledge is useless

even when solving quadratic equations at school algebra lessons.

However, authors of the SRT really needed that knowledge, as they had to completely explain

relativistic formulas, the result obtained in this theory. Otherwise, no one would have needed a

theory, which couldn’t be explained even by its authors. And the solution to this issue was

found. It turned out to be elementary simple and seemingly obvious. It is as follows: if results

of any measurements are never expressed by imaginary numbers, then imaginary numbers

doesn’t exist.

And this was the concern of mathematicians, not physicists, that mathematicians invented some

operational calculus and some theory of functions of a complex variable. Mathematicians didn’t

mind. But they didn’t even need to know physical sense of imaginary numbers. This is how the

postulate (that is, an unproven assumption), called the principle of light speed non-exceedance,

appeared in the SRT.

Nevertheless, there remained some doubts about the truth of the principle of light speed non- exceedance due to the lack of its proof and/or experimental validation.

In particular, the doubts were raised by the discovery of Cherenkov radiation, emitted when

charged particles are moving through a transparent medium faster than the speed of light in

that medium [1]. In 1958, its authors Pavel Alekseevich Cherenkov, Igor Evgenievich Tamm and

Ilya Mikhailovich Frank even received the Nobel Prize for their discovery. However, later

confidence in the SRT was restored by specifying that the principle of light speed non- exceedance implies movement of a physical body only in a vacuum.

In 2011, the principle of light speed non-exceedance was just about refuted again. This time it

was OPERA experiment [2] at the Large Hadron Collider. But six months later the OPERA

experiment was refuted by the ICARUS experiment [3], which, however, neither confirmed nor

refuted the principle of light speed non-exceedance. It only revealed some errors in the OPERA

experiment and demonstrated how extremely complex the experiment was. Thus, it was shown

that the issue was very difficult to solve and therefore there were doubts about whether it

needed to be solved at all.

EXPERIMENTAL PROOFS OF FALSITY OF THE VERSION OF THE SRT PRESENTED FOR

STUDY IN PHYSICS TEXTBOOKS

Around the same time, in 2008-2010, there were publications about the results of radio

engineering experiments [4]-[8] that successfully proved physical reality of imaginary numbers

and therefore made the question of truth of the principle of light speed non-exceedance and the

OPERA experiment unnecessary. Since existence of multiplicity of sciences is explained only by

limited intellectual capacity of people, then different sciences should not refute each other.

After all, Nature is integral. Therefore, Science is also integral. And mathematics is the single

universal language of all exact sciences. Thus, correct mathematical interpretation of radio

engineering and any other experiments is indisputably convincing for all other exact sciences,

including physics. Norbert Wiener wrote in this regard: “Important work is sometimes delayed

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Antonov, A. A. (2021). Experimental Evidences for the Fallacy of the STR Version in the Physics Textbooks1. European Journal of Applied Sciences,

9(6). 349-364.

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.96.11304

by the unavailability in one field of results that may have already become classical in the next

field”.

However, since the principle of physical reality of imaginary numbers proved by radio

engineering experiments [4]-[20] in physics refuted the principle of light speed non- exceedance and thereby refuted the generally accepted version of the SRT [21]-[23], physical

community wasn’t satisfied with this result. And therefore, students have still studied an

outdated and erroneous version of the SRT [24]-[33] presented in physics textbooks and based on

the refuted principle of light speed non-exceedance.

In order to substantiate this statement and to gain the moral right to propose replacing the

erroneous version of the SRT built on the postulates in physics textbooks with the alternative

version confirmed experimentally, let’s give a description of the experiments.

Proof of physical reality of imaginary numbers as a result of study of transient processes

in linear electric circuits

Since power is the energy derivative with respect to time, energy stored in inductors and

capacitors cannot change instantly in electric LCR circuits, when changing their operating

mode (for example, switching them). Consequently, infinitely large power that actually doesn’t

exist might correspond to an instantaneous change in energy. And therefore, transient

processes always arise in such electric circuits, if no special measures are taken to suppress

them. These processes are usually regarded as unwanted. And therefore, ways of suppressing

rather than using them are studied.

However, studying transient processes in this article, we shall try to solve a very important

scientific issue – to find out whether the above-mentioned version of the SRT implying that

imaginary numbers are not physically real is true. That is, we shall try to solve a mathematical

issue – to prove or refute physical reality of imaginary numbers – that couldn’t be solved for

500 years, by radio engineering experiments. This physics issue turned out to be so important

that the Large Hadron Collider was even used in the OPERA experiment to solve it. But this

proved a failure.

Fig. 1. Graphical solution to the equation (2) on the set of real numbers corresponding to the

intersection points of the line and the parabola

L

C

y = 0 y ax bx c 2 = + +