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European Journal of Applied Sciences – Vol. 10, No. 5
Publication Date: October 25, 2022
DOI:10.14738/aivp.105.13216. Farzana, Q., Akter, M. S., & Zohora, F. T. (2022). Effect of Ambient Temperature on the Performance of PVT System in Bangladesh.
European Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(5). 272-283.
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
Effect of Ambient Temperature on the Performance of PVT
System in Bangladesh
Q. Farzana
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Sonargaon University
147/I, Green Road, Panthapath, Tejgaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh
M. Sharmin Akter
Department of General Educational Development
Faculty of Science and Information Technology
Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City
Ashulia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
F. T. Zohora
Department of General Educational Development
Faculty of Science and Information Technology
Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City
Ashulia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
ABSTRACT
The ambient temperature has a significant impact on PVT effectiveness. In this
study, the effect of ambient temperature on PVT system under specific operating
conditions in Bangladesh is investigated numerically. Using the FEM, a
mathematical model of a three-dimensional PVT system is taken into account and
resolved. Based on Bangladesh's weather, a range of 10 to 40 degrees Celsius is
chosen as the ambient temperature. It is investigated how ambient temperature
affects the cell and output fluid temperatures, electrical power and thermal energy,
electrical efficiency-thermal efficiency, and overall system efficiency. The
calculations reveal that for every 10°C increase in ambient temperature, the cell and
output water temperatures rise by 1.5°C and 0.04°C, respectively, while the
electrical efficiency falls by around 0.1% and the thermal energy increases by 8.9
W.
Keywords: PVT system; Irradiation; Ambient temperature; Energy; Efficiency.
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Farzana, Q., Akter, M. S., & Zohora, F. T. (2022). Effect of Ambient Temperature on the Performance of PVT System in Bangladesh. European Journal
of Applied Sciences, 10(5). 272-283.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.105.13216
NOMENCLATURE
A PVT surface area [m2] Greek symbols
Cp specific heat [Jkg-1K-1] α Absorptivity
Ep Power of electrical [W] β Transmitivity
Er Energy receiving by PV [W] ε Emissivity
Et Energy of thermal [W] ρ Density [kgm-3]
m Mass flow rate [kgs-1] μ Temperature coefficient
V Velocity of water [ms-1] ν kinematic viscosity of the fluid [m2s- 1]
G Solar irradiance [Wm-2] η Efficiency [%]
P Packing factor [%] σ
Stefen-Boltzmann constant [Wm-2k- 4]
k Thermal conductivity [Wm-1K-1] Subscript
T Temperature [°C] amb Ambient
p Pressure [kgms-2] e Electrical
U Coefficient of thermal transfer [Wm-2K-1] t Thermal
u, v,
w
Components of velocity along co-ordinates
direction [ms-1] g Glass
x, y, z Coordinates of Cartesian [m] ga Glass to ambient
Abbreviation gtd Glass to tedlar
FEM Finite Element Method hea Heat exchanger to ambient
HTF Heat transferring fluid he Heat exchanger to water
PV Photovoltaic r Received
PVT Photovoltaic thermal ref Reference
2D Two dimensional sc Solar cell
3D Three dimensional td Tedlar
PCM Phase change material f fluid
PV Photovoltaic in input
PVT Photovoltaic thermal out output
INTRODUCTION
One of the most beneficial, long-lasting, and safe items in the field of renewable energy is the
photovoltaic (PV) module. With less expensive maintenance, it provides longer service times.
The output of a stand-alone system made of rough, easily-designed PV parts ranges from
microwatts to megawatts. The photovoltaic (PVT) system is a system that simultaneously
generates thermal energy and electrical electricity. Using the PVT system, one can obtain both
electrical power and thermal energy.
Nasrin and Hossain [1] created and solved a 3D numerical system for a PV module using the
software COMSOL Multiphysics, which is based on the FEM technique. Rajshahi has the greatest
electrical power value for solar irradiation of 209 W/m2, per their research (15.14 W). Sylhet's
greatest electrical efficiency is 12.85% with a radiation intensity of 189 W/m2. Electrical power
and efficiency both decrease with every 1° rise in inclination angle, by 0.06 W and 0.05%
respectively. As the region of partial shading increases from 0 to 40%, the level of efficiency
correspondingly decreases, from 14.66 to 11.32%. For every 1°C rise in solar cell temperature,
the electrical output and electrical efficiency of a PV module are impacted by around 0.01 W
and 0.01%, respectively. According to Ashikuzzaman et al. [3], PCM increases output power and
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European Journal of Applied Sciences (EJAS) Vol. 10, Issue 5, October-2022
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
efficiency while lowering solar cell temperature in photovoltaic thermal systems. Additionally,
a similar topic was worked by Zohora and Nasrin [4], Rahman et al. [6], and others.
A performance study was conducted by Kader et al [2] at the IUT campus in Gazipur,
Bangladesh, from February to June 2012. The highest water temperature was found to be 45°C
for Trapezoidal, 44°C for Saw teeth forward, 43°C for Saw teeth backward, and 41°C for flat
plate setup on a sunny March day. On a hot, bright day in March 2012 with an ambient
temperature of 34°C, the maximum air temperature inside the air channel was determined to
be 39°C for trapezoidal, 38°C for saw teeth forward, 37°C for saw teeth backward ribbed
surfaces, and 36°C for flat plate. The computed results show that the average efficiency for the
Trapezoidal arrangement is 64%, for Saw teeth forward it is 62%, for Saw teeth backward it is
61%, and for Flat Plate setup it is 58%.
This study's goal is to quantitatively analyze how the ambient temperature of Bangladesh
affects the performance of the solar PVT system. The originality of this research is in its ability
to numerically solve the 3D mathematical model for the PVT system and to assess the system's
overall performance under operating conditions in Bangladesh.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL
The two-dimensional schematics of the PV module and the heat exchanger, which are taken
from [4] and presented along the zx and yx directions, respectively, in figure 1 represent the
considered PVT system. The present numerical study makes use of the geometrical and physical
characteristics of the Malaysian EPV brand E310P(S)-011 PV module. The module has 72
(6*12) solar polycrystalline cells with an average cell size of 156 mm by 156 mm, a maximum
power of 295 W, a weight of 22 kg, a dimension of 1984 mm by 99 mm by 42 mm, and extreme
power voltage and current of 30.6 V and 8.17 A as well as open-circuit voltage and 8.92 A for
short circuits. The PV layers are the glass top cover, the polycrystalline silicon layer, the
ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)-1 layer, the EVA-2 layer, and the Tedlar polyvinyl fluoride (PVF)
layer. Glass (3 mm), polycrystalline cells (0.1 mm), EVA (0.8 mm), and tedlar make up the
thickness of PV surfaces (0.05 mm). Applying thermal paste, a heat exchanger (box-shaped with
seventeen baffles) is mounted to the PV's bottom layer. Aluminum is used to make the heat
exchanger, inlet-outlet headers, and baffles. The heat exchanger's dimensions are 1750*997*12
mm, the input-output pipes are 50*10*10 mm, and the baffles are 975*1*10 mm. Tables 1 and
2 list the measurements and material characteristics of the PVT.