Page 1 of 14

European Journal of Applied Sciences – Vol. 12, No. 3

Publication Date: June 25, 2024

DOI:10.14738/aivp.123.17043

Solarić, N., Solarić, M., Barković, Đ, Zrinjski, M., Bogdanovski, Z., Dimevski, S., & Postalovski, A. (2024). On the Method of

Analysis for Earthquake Forecasting. European Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol - 12(3). 324-337.

Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom

On the Method of Analysis for Earthquake Forecasting

Nikola Solarić

Geodetski fakultet, Zagreb, Hrvatska

Miljenko Solarić

Geodetski fakultet, Zagreb, Hrvatska

Đuro Barković

Geodetski fakultet, Zagreb, Hrvatska

Mladen Zrinjski

Geodetski fakultet, Zagreb, Hrvatska

Zlatko Bogdanovski

Civil Engineering Skopje, S. Makedonija

Sasha Dimevski

Civil Engineering Skopje, S. Makedonija

A. Postalovski

Civil Engineering Skopje, S. Makedonija

Keywords: GNSS (are global navigation satellite system), and there are several types:

GPS, GLONAS, GALILEO, KOMPAS), GPS (USA Global Navigation system), GLONASS

(Russian Global Navigation Satellite System), GALILEO (European global navigation

system, COMPAS (Chinese global navigation system)

INTRODUCTION

Today, larges and compressions of terrain can be measured very precisely using satellites of

the GNSS (global navigation satellite system). GNSS consists of GPS (USA) (Fig. 1.), GLONASS

(Russian), GALILEO (European), and COMPAS (Chinese) system. GPS global positioning

system) satellites orbit (Fig.2.) the Earth at an altitude of 20,200 km from the Earth’s surface

in six orbital planes, so that the GPS receiver on Earth can always receive signals from at least

four satellites.

Page 2 of 14

325

Solarić, N., Solarić, M., Barković, Đ, Zrinjski, M., Bogdanovski, Z., Dimevski, S., & Postalovski, A. (2024). On the Method of Analysis for Earthquake

Forecasting. European Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol - 12(3). 324-337.

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.123.17043

Fig 1: GPS (USA)

Fig 2: Trajectories of GPS satellites 20,200 km above the surface of the Earth in 6 orbital planes

so that the GPS receiver on Earth can always receive signals from at least 4 of the satellites.

Fig 3: Precise GPS antenna Zephyr usually on the roof cadastre building. 24 hours/day

By measuring the time of the signal from the satellite to the antenna, the GNSS satellites

coordinates of the antenna aired determined.

Page 3 of 14

Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom 326

European Journal of Applied Sciences (EJAS) Vol. 12, Issue 3, June-2024

3 lengths and a clock correction in the receiver are calculated from the time measurement.

antenna coordinates are calculated by arc section 3 length.

GPS satellites transmit radio signals, and at the moment of transmitting the signal, the satellite

writes the time of the signal on the atomic clock in the satellite and the number of the satellite

that sent the signal. When the signal reaches the Earth to the antenna, the receiver writes the

time from the electronic clock in the receiver into that signal. The distance to the satellite can

be calculated from the time of receiving the signal and the time of sending the signal.

From observations on 4 satellites, 4 lengths to the satellites are obtained, and from them, arc

section, the coordinates of the antenna X Y Z and the correction of the clock U in the receiver

can be calculated. In order to achieve greater accuracy and precision, satellite measurements

are processed with the Bernise program package. The method of determining the coordinates

of the antennas is very precise, including the calculation of the lengths between multiple

antennas.

Today, it is the most precise method of measuring long distances.

GNSS the receiver has its own electronic clock.

Fig 4: Reference station