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European Journal of Applied Sciences – Vol. 12, No. 5
Publication Date: October 25, 2024
DOI:10.14738/aivp.125.17699.
Ayodeji, I. O., Akanbi, I. O., Oladele- Bukola, M. O., Akanbi, I. M., Kehinde, O. O., Oyedepo, M. O., Okuneye, J. O., Emikpe, O. O.,
Adekunle, O. F., Lamidi, B. K., Amusa, A. O., Olofintuyi, O. K., Odunsi, O. O., Koleosho, S. A., Fasanmi, O. G., & Agbato, O. (2024).
Multi-drug Resistant Streptococcus and Enterococcus Isolates from Central Abattoir Akinyele, Ibadan. European Journal of
Applied Sciences, Vol - 12(5). 277-285.
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
Multi-drug Resistant Streptococcus and Enterococcus Isolates
from Central Abattoir Akinyele, Ibadan
Ayodeji, I. O.
Federal College of Animal Health & Production Technology,
Moor Plantation, Ibadan
Akanbi, I. O.
Federal College of Animal Health & Production Technology,
Moor Plantation, Ibadan
Oladele-Bukola, M. O.
Institute of Agricultural Research & Training,
Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, Ibadan
Akanbi, I. M.
Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources,
Secretariat, Ibadan
Kehinde, O. O.
Dept of Veterinary Public Health & Reproduction,
Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta
Oyedepo, M. O.
Federal College of Animal Health & Production Technology,
Moor Plantation, Ibadan
Okuneye, J. O.
Federal College of Animal Health & Production Technology,
Moor Plantation, Ibadan
Emikpe, O. O.
Federal College of Animal Health & Production Technology,
Moor Plantation, Ibadan
Adekunle, O. F.
Federal College of Animal Health & Production Technology,
Moor Plantation, Ibadan
Lamidi, B. K.
Federal College of Animal Health & Production Technology,
Moor Plantation, Ibadan
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Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom 278
European Journal of Applied Sciences (EJAS) Vol. 12, Issue 5, October-2024
Amusa, A. O.
Federal College of Animal Health & Production Technology,
Moor Plantation, Ibadan
Olofintuyi, O. K.
Federal College of Animal Health & Production Technology,
Moor Plantation, Ibadan
Odunsi, O. O.
Federal College of Animal Health & Production Technology,
Moor Plantation, Ibadan
Koleosho, S. A.
Federal College of Animal Health & Production Technology,
Moor Plantation, Ibadan
Agbato, O.
Federal College of Animal Health & Production Technology,
Moor Plantation, Ibadan
Fasanmi, O. G.
Federal College of Animal Health & Production Technology,
Moor Plantation, Ibadan
ABSTRACT
This study was designed to evaluate the antibiogram and resistance profile of
Streptococcus and Enterococcus species isolated from the facilities and
environment of the Central abattoir Akinyele, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. A total of
sixty-four (64) samples were collected through the use of swab sticks on the knife
and axe, scraping of the table and the cutting wood with sterile blade. The
collected samples were cultured and isolated, while antimicrobial sensitivity
testing was performed using Kirby Bauer disk agar diffusion method. This study
shows that the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance of streptococcus species to
the selected antibiotics; gentamicin (65%) and trimethoprim (58%), they showed
the highest prevalence, while the lowest resistant was to ciprofloxacin (39%), on
the contrary the enterococcus sp has the highest resistance prevalence with
gentamicin (29%) while the least prevalence was with trimethoprim (7%). This
study shows that ciprofloxacin has not been abused like other selected antibiotics
for treating enterococcal infections. It can therefore be concluded that the water
source and soil in the environment of the abattoir were contaminated with
streptococcus and enterococcus species and were resistant to some of the selected
antibiotics tested (oxytetracycline, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin,
trimethoprim and amoxicillin). It is hereby recommended that there should be
proper regulation and administration of antibiotics to prevent resistance
development; and also, there should be an improved personal and environmental
hygiene.
Keywords: Abattoir, Antimicrobial resistance Enterococcus, Prevalence, Streptococcus.
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279
Ayodeji, I. O., Akanbi, I. O., Oladele- Bukola, M. O., Akanbi, I. M., Kehinde, O. O., Oyedepo, M. O., Okuneye, J. O., Emikpe, O. O., Adekunle, O. F.,
Lamidi, B. K., Amusa, A. O., Olofintuyi, O. K., Odunsi, O. O., Koleosho, S. A., Fasanmi, O. G., & Agbato, O. (2024). Multi-drug Resistant Streptococcus
and Enterococcus Isolates from Central Abattoir Akinyele, Ibadan. European Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol - 12(5). 277-285.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.125.17699
INTRODUCTION
Food-borne diseases remain the most significant food safety hazards worldwide associated
with beef (Maripandi and Al-Salamah, 2010) and resulting from the ingestion of bacteria,
toxin, and cells produced by microorganisms present in the food (Clarence et al., 2009).
Microorganisms are evolving rapidly to endure and proliferate in unfavourable environments.
Although antibiotic resistance appeared soon after clinical use of antibiotics, initially the
problem was of low concern and was condoned (Davies and Davies, 2010). Irrational use of
antibiotic has become a major problem in the world. Inappropriate use of antibiotics leads to
the emergence of resistance to bacteria, increasing adverse effect and drug interaction, co- infected with other bacteria such, increasing length and cost of hospitalization. Patients
suffering from infections due to bacteria resistance will be faced with delayed recovery,
treatment failure and even death (Rhen et al., 2003). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a
major global health issue, associated with an estimated 4.95 million deaths worldwide in
2019 (Murray et al., 2019; Cassini et al., 2019). The predicted deaths from drug-resistant
microbial pathogens is estimated to rise from 700,000 per year to 10 million deaths per year
by 2050 and threaten global health (de Kraker et al., 2016). Microorganisms are able to
develop antibiotic-resistant genes to enhance their survival, thus minimizing the treatment
options for microbial infections and increasing mortality in human populations (Ramos et al.,
2020). The genus Enterococcus is common in nature and member species can be found in a
range of habitats including soils, sediments, freshwater, marine water, beach sand, and a
variety of plants (Byappanahalli et al., 2012; Staley et al., 2014). Enterococcus spp. are also
common members of the normal gastrointestinal fora of both livestock and humans (Yost et
al., 2011), with their concentrations in human and animal feces typically high (Ashbolt et al.,
2001; Ervin et al., 2013). Enterococcus spp. are also commonly isolated from water
contaminated by sewage or fecal wastes, and enterococci are intrinsically resistant to many
commonly used antimicrobial agents. (Ramos et al., 2020). The clinical importance of the
genus Streptococcus is directly related to its antibiotic resistance, which contributes to the
risk of colonization and infection. The species of the greatest clinical importance are alpha- hemolytic S. pneumoniae and Streptococcus viridans group. Although the resistance
characteristics of these two species differ in important ways, they can generally be
categorized as intrinsic resistance, acquired resistance, and tolerance (Cattoir, 2022).
The public concern for antimicrobial use and resistance in livestock and humans keeps
increasing, it puts a lot of pressure on the livestock industries, researchers, medical
practitioners and governments to address these persisting concerns. Hence the need to assess
the multi-drug resistant Streptococcus and Enterococcus sp isolated from the Central Abattoir
Akinyele, Ibadan.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study Location and Sample Collection
This study was carried out at the Central Abattoir located at Akinyele, Ibadan Oyo State, in
Akinyele Local Government Area of Latitude: 7.52374, Longitude: 3.91478, 7° 31′ 25′′ North,
3° 54′ 53′′ East, Area 51,800 hectares, 518.00 km2 (200.00 sq mi), Altitude of 258m (846 ft)
and Climate is Tropical savanna climate.