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European Journal of Applied Sciences – Vol. 13, No. 1
Publication Date: February 25, 2025
DOI:10.14738/aivp.131.18125.
Khamis, L. T. (2025). Muslim Leadership in Luweero District 1972-2024. European Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol - 13(1). 142-
148.
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
Muslim Leadership in Luweero District 1972-2024
Lubega Twaha Khamis
School of Social and Humanities, Atlantic International University,
Pioneer Plaza, 900 Fort Street Mall 905, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
ABSTRACT
This study explores the evolution of Muslim leadership in Luweero district from
1972-2024, highlighting its historical and socio-political contexts. It examines the
challenges faced by Muslim leaders, their contributions to community
development, and the implications of their leadership styles on inter-religious
relations. Through a comprehensive analysis based on qualitative interviews and
available archival data, this research reveals the complexities of Muslim leadership
in a predominantly Christian region, emphasizing the role of cultural identity and
community solidarity. The findings indicate that while challenges such as
marginalization and political instability persist, Muslim leadership has made
significant strides in promoting social cohesion and economic empowerment in the
district. The paper concludes with recommendations for fostering inclusive
leadership practices that bridge religious divides and enhance community
development.
Keywords: Muslim Leadership, Luweero District, Inter-religious relations, Socio- Political
Contexts, Community Development.
INTRODUCTION
The Muslim community in Luweero District has played a significant yet often overlooked role
in shaping the social and political landscape of the region since 1972. This paper aims to
illuminate the ways in which Muslim leadership has evolved across decades marked by political
upheaval, social change, and economic challenges. By analyzing both historical and
contemporary perspectives on leadership within the community, this study contributes to a
broader understanding of how religious identities influence governance and community
engagement.
Numerous scholars have previously explored the intersections of religion and leadership
within the Ugandan context (Kasajja, 1994; Nkojo, 1996; Obeng, 2001, Ssemogerere, 2018), yet
there remains a notable gap regarding the specific contributions and challenges faced by
Muslim leaders in Luweero District. This paper aims to fill that gap by providing an in-depth
qualitative analysis through interviews and archival research (Kasasa, 2010; Mulumba, 2015).
The backdrop of the political environment shaped by the 1972 expulsion Asians significantly
affected the economic and social structures within Muslim communities (Kakungulukulu 2022;
Walugembe, 2021), the rise of the so-called dictatorship, and the subsequent restoration of
democracy (Kidega, 2021; Ssemogerere, 2018) creates a unique context for understanding
Muslim leadership. Furthermore, examining the community’s responses to globalization,
economic disparities, and interfaith relations (Mutua, 2020; Walugembe, 2021) will provide a
nuanced perspective on their evolving role.
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Khamis, L. T. (2025). Muslim Leadership in Luweero District 1972-2024. European Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol - 13(1). 142-148.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.131.18125
Scholarly discourse surrounding interfaith relations suggests that cooperation and dialogue
among religious groups are crucial for fostering communal harmony (Adhiambo, 2022,
Crenshaw, 1989). Despite these discussions, there remains a notable gap in literature regarding
the specific contributions and challenges faced by Muslim leaders in Luweero District,
particularly against the backdrop of Uganda’s fluctuating political landscape (Makama, 2019;
Nkojo, 1996). Moreover, the role of educational initiatives spearheaded by Muslim factions has
been underexplored (Kasasa, 20210; Ssemogerere, 2018), and the qualitative experiences of
community leaders are often marginalized in academic discussions, necessitating a closer look
at local narratives (Mutua, 2020; Northouse, 2018).
This study seeks to fill these gaps by providing an in-depth qualitative research gathered from
interviews with Muslim leaders across these factions, providing insights into how their
leadership practices have adapted to evolving socio-political contexts. The objectives of this
research are to investigate historical evolution of Muslim leadership in Luweero District,
analyze the challenges faced by these leaders, and explore the strategies employed to foster
community development and inter-faith dialogue (Nkojo, 1996; Kasasa, 2010).
Problem Description
The struggle for representation and active participation in leadership within Luweero District’s
Muslim community often faces challenges, including socio- political marginalization, inter- religious tensions, and inadequate institutional support.
1. What factors contribute to the evolution of Muslim leadership in Luweero District from
1972 to 2024?
2. How do social, economic, and political contexts affect the effectiveness of Muslim leaders
in the region?
3. What strategies have Muslim leaders employed to foster community development and
inter- religious dialogue?
Research Objectives
• To investigate the historical evolution of Muslim leadership in Luweero district from
1972 t0 2024.
• To analyze the challenges faced by Muslim leaders and the impact of these challenges on
community development.
• To explore strategies employed by Muslim leaders to enhance inter- religious relations
and foster social cohesion in Luweero District.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This research employs a qualitative methodology, utilizing structured interviews with Muslim
leaders, community members, and local officials. Archival research from local libraries,
religious institutions, and government records provided historical context. The study also
includes a content analysis of religious and political texts reliant to the Muslim community in
Luweero District.
Theoretical Background
The theoretical framework for this study draws on theories of leadership and governance
(Northouse, 2018) as well as inter-sectionality theory (Crenshaw, 1989), focusing on how
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religious identity interacts with socio- political dynamics and influences leadership
effectiveness.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Historical Context of Leadership
The period from 1972-2024 has been significant in shaping the landscape of Muslim leadership
in Luweero District. Beginning in the early 1970s, marked a pivotal moment when President Idi
Amin’s rise to power created an environment that both favored and complicated the position
of Muslims in Uganda. Amin, himself a Muslim, initially sought to champion the interests of the
Muslim community, which resulted in a sense of empowerment among some Muslim leaders.
They were appointed tokey governmental positions, which provided them a platform to
influence policies and support local support local initiatives. In contrary other interviewees
said the political turmoil under Idi Amin’s regime forced Muslim leaders to adopt secretive
organizational strategies to maintain communitycohesion and resources. Interviews with
community elders reveal that during this time, collective decision –making was often informal,
relying on trust and established relationships within the community. As one leader noted, “Our
survival depended on mutual support, we leaned on our leaders who understood the
importance of discretion during those challenging years” (Interview, Local Elder, 1980)
During Amin’s regime, the prevailing political climate was characterized by repression of
various groups, including political dissenters, ethnic minorities, and some of religious factions.
The experiences of the Muslim community, nevertheless, varied throughout his rule.
After Amin’s fall and the restoration of relative political stability in the late 1980s, there was a
resurgence of Islamic identity, which led to an emergence of structured leadership. The Uganda
Muslim Supreme Council (UMSC) played a pivotal role in re- establishing formal leadership
mechanisms and strategies. Local leaders became more involved in political dialogues, seeking
representation not just for Muslims but for broader community needs.
The analysis reveals that Muslim leaders in Luweero have historically navigated a landscape
marked by both solidarity and conflict. Despite systematic challenges, they have effectively
mobilized community resources, created inclusive platforms for dialogue, and contributed to
local economic initiatives (Kakungulukulu, 2022; Mubiru, 2023). Notably, this study identifies
key leadership trait, such as resilience and adaptability, which have enabled Muslim leaders to
maintain their relevance in the face of adversities.
Interviews underscore the importance of collaborative efforts between Muslim leaders and
other community stakeholders, promoting inter-religious dialogue and joint initiatives that
enhance social cohesion. However, persistent socioeconomic disparities and stigmatization
remain barriers that require continued attention.
Factionalism and Its Impacts
The emergence of factionalism among the Muslim community in Uganda, particularly the Kibuli
and Bukoto Nateete factions, began to take form during this period as different leaders sought
to consolidate power and community influence. Interviews conducted with leaders from both
factions highlighted deep ideological divides and contrasting priorities. The Kibuli faction
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Khamis, L. T. (2025). Muslim Leadership in Luweero District 1972-2024. European Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol - 13(1). 142-148.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.131.18125
leaned towards progressive engagement with the International Islamic community and
governance; whereas the Bukoto Nateete faction focused on maintain traditional practices and
consolidating local religious authority.
This division led to district leadership styles and priorities within Luweero District. Kibuli
leaders emphasized social initiatives geared towards educational advancement and economic
empowerment, seeking to modernize the community’s infrastructure through schools and
social welfare projects. One Kibuli leader articulated this by saying, “Education is our beacon;
it helps us progress and impacts our youth positively” (Interview, Kibuli Leader, 2010). Another
Kibuli leader recalled, “During the early years of Amin’s rule, we believed we had the chance to
uplift our community and leverage our position in government for the greater good”( Interview,
Kibuli Leader, 1975).
In contrast, the Bukoto Nateete faction prioritized religious instruction and cultural
preservation, which they viewed as critical for communal identity. A Bukoto Nateete stated,
“Our strength lies in knowing who we are and passing that knowledge to our children”
(Interview, Bukoto Nateete Leader, 2015). Their leaders emphasized the importance of
education rooted in Islamic values, as articulated by one Bukoto leader: “Our aim was to instill
a love for our faith and culture in our children, which they could carry forward amidst changing
times” (Interview Bukoto Nateete Leader, 1980).
While the aim of both factions focused on community improvement, their divergent strategies
often led to competition over resources and community support. This fragmentation
subsequently hindered broader developmental initiatives and interfaith dialogue in Luweero,
creating a landscape rife with mistrust and miscommunication.
Muslim leadership in the Post - Conflict Period
The end of Amin’s regime and the subsequent civil wars in the late 1980s marked a significant
turning point for the Muslim community in Uganda, including Luweero district. With the
political stabilization under President Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, Muslim leaders began to
reclaim their public presence, often working to unify the community amidst the backdrop of
societal discord.
During this stabilization phase, local Muslim leaders increasingly engaged in governance and
community initiatives, actively pursuing collaborative projects and advocating for Muslim
representation in local government. The Uganda Muslim Supreme Council sought to mediate
between the factions, promoting collective action in addressing community challenges. One
local Muslim leader remarked on the importance of this unifying role” We’ve come to realize
that our strength lies in our unity, and we must work together for the common good of our
people” (interview Local leader, 2000).
Interfaith Relations and Community Development Initiatives
Despite the challenges posed by factionalism, significant strides have been made in community
initiatives and interfaith engagement, particularly in the 21st century. Recognizing the need for
solidarity, local Muslim leaders have taken proactive steps to collaborate with other religious
entities in Luweero District.