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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal – Vol. 9, No. 11
Publication Date: November 25, 2022
DOI:10.14738/assrj.911.13377. Shehata, G. A. B., Al-Tarawi, A., & Al-Damiri, M. (2022). An Economic Study of the Most Important Varieties of Wheat Crop in Kafr
El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 9(11). 31-52.
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
An Economic Study of the Most Important Varieties of Wheat Crop
in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt
Gaber A. B. Shehata
Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University
Abdel-Sattar Al-Tarawi
Agricultural Economics Research Institute
Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
Mohamed Al-Damiri
Agricultural Economics Research Institute
Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
ABSTRACT
The agricultural sector represents an important place in the national economy, as
it contributes about LE 438.73 billion, representing about 11.31% of the national
income, which amounted to about LE 3879.42 billion in 2020, and the cultivated
area of the wheat crop in Egypt reached 3.13 million feddans, while the cultivated
area in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate amounted to about 217.11 thousand feddans in
2019. The research problem is represented in the food production of the wheat crop
that does not meet the food consumption needs of it as a result of the steady
increase in the population, which led to the emergence of a food gap that is covered
by importing from abroad. The research aims to shed light on some economic
indicators for the production of wheat crop in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate and to
estimate the economic efficiency of the production elements used, by relying on the
method of descriptive and quantitative analysis of data using standard analytical
methods, and the research relied on two types of published and unpublished
secondary data in addition to primary data for a sample. A field survey was collected
using a research questionnaire specially prepared for this purpose, with a personal
interview from a multi-stage random sample of wheat growers in Kafr El-Sheikh
Governorate, and with regard to the productive situation of the most important
varieties of wheat crop in Egypt and Kafr El-Sheikh, the most important results were
as follows: The average area of wheat in Egypt during the period (2005-2019) was
about 3.02 million feddans, and the average feddan productivity of wheat in Egypt
during the period (2005-2019) was about 18.29 ardeb/ feddan, and the average
total production was about 55.21 million ardeb Which is equivalent to about 8.142
million tons, while the average cultivated area in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during
the same period was about 230.43 thousand feddans. With an average relative
importance of the cultivated area of wheat in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate compared
to the cultivated area of it in Egypt, it turned out that it amounted to about 7.67%,
and it was found that the average productivity per feddan of wheat in Kafr El-Sheikh
during the period (2005-2019) amounted to about 15.51 ardeb/ feddan, and the
average of total production is about 3.58 million ardebs, which is equivalent to
about 537 million tons. By studying the average relative importance of the total
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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol. 9, Issue 11, November-2022
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
production of wheat in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate compared to the total
production of wheat in Egypt, it was found that it amounted to about 6.35%. It is
also clear that the value of the cost of production inputs, as well as the relative
importance of each of them to the total costs of wheat varieties (Misr 1, Misr 2, Giza
171) in question, where the average total costs of them amounted to about LE
12,820, 12.04 and 10.55 thousand/ feddan for each of them, respectively, and the
average of the fixed costs are about LE 5.6, 4.78, and 5.69 thousand / feddan for each
of them, respectively, representing about 43.77%, 39.7% and 53.9% of the average
total costs, and the average public expenses amounted to about LE 40.76, 90.19 and
75.32 / feddan, representing about 0.32 %, 0.75%, 0.71% of each, respectively, of
the average total total costs. The production functions were estimated in the
logarithmic form, and they gave the best results in order to estimate the economic
efficiency used in the production of wheat varieties, thus activating the positive
factors and discouraging negative factors to reach a better use of the productive
resources used in the production of this crop. The cubic model was chosen, and the
optimum and maximal size of the profits were estimated for each of the wheat
varieties, Misr 1, Misr 2, and Giza 171, while the variable costs amounted to about
LE 7.2, 7.26 and 4.86 thousand/ feddan for each of them, respectively. The economic
indicators for the production of the most important varieties of wheat grown in Kafr
El-Sheikh Governorate were studied, which are the varieties of Misr 1, Misr 2, and
Giza 171. The problems faced by wheat farmers in the research sample were also
studied, and the opinions of farmers in these problems were studied.
Keywords: Economic indicators, economic efficiency, wheat varieties, food gap.
INTRODUCTION
Wheat crop is one of the most important grain crops, to which the state pays special attention
to improving its productivity. Wheat represents an important position in the Egyptian food
security strategy, especially in light of the recent fluctuation of its prices globally, as well as its
use in biofuel production for some countries, including the U.S.A and Brazil, which it may be
reflected in the global supply of it, and despite the increase in wheat production in Egypt in
recent years, this increase was offset by an increase in the wheat import bill as a result of the
steady increase in the population and then local consumption, and food grain crops play an
important role in agricultural foreign trade, at the time Wheat is one of the most important
Egyptian agricultural imports.
The agricultural sector has an important place in the Egyptian national economy, as it
contributes about LE 438.73 billion, representing about 11.31% of the national income, which
amounts to about LE 3879.42 billion in 2020, and agriculture plays an important role in the
process of social development, providing food and clothing needs, in addition to providing
foreign exchange necessary for the development process. This is through agricultural exports
amounting to about LE 92.165 billion, representing about 17.83% of the national exports,
amounting to about LE 517.017 billion in 2019. The agricultural sector is also considered one
of the important sectors that absorb the labor force, as the volume of employment in the
agricultural sector is about 55.09 million workers, representing about 21.1 % of the total
workforce. year 2019, The area planted for the wheat crop in the Republic amounted to 3.13
million feddans, while the cultivated area in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate amounted to about
217.11 thousand feddans in 2019.