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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal – Vol. 10, No. 7
Publication Date: July 25, 2023
DOI:10.14738/assrj.107.15024.
Hsieh, T. C. (2023). Using an Extension of The Theory of Planned Behavior to Explore University Students' Intention to Pursue Career
in The Hospitality Industry. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 10(7). 35-48.
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
Using an Extension of The Theory of Planned Behavior to Explore
University Students' Intention to Pursue Career in The
Hospitality Industry
Tsai-Chih Hsieh
Department of Hotel Management, Tainan University of Technology,
No. 529, Zhongzheng Rd., Yongkang District, Tainan City 71002, Taiwan
ABSTRACT
The hospitality industry has always been noticed as a labor demanding field, and
therefore manpower training is very critical to the hospitality industry. However,
even when hospitality-related universities and technology schools are growing,
there is still the dilemma of lack of manpower needs in the industry. Therefore, the
main purpose of this research is to use the extended version of the planning
behavior to add emotional intelligence and confront mechanisms to analyze the
intention of university or science and technology students to invest in the
hospitality industry in the future. This study conducted a survey of current and
completed internship students in a science and technology university. A total of 302
valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed by structural equation modeling.
The results found that the original planning behavior theory is not good at
predicting behavioral intentions. In other words, whether students are involved in
the hospitality industry is mostly based on emotional elements.
Keywords: confronting mechanism, hospitality industry, intelligence, planning behavior
theory
INTRODUCTION
The hospitality industry has always been considered as a labor-intensive industry (Chang, Liu,
Wang, & Yi, 2020). Even with the assistance of electronics and automation, it is still impossible
to avoid the need for a large number of human resources (Daziano, Sarrias, & Leard, 2017).
Therefore, manpower cultivation is of great importance to the hospitality industry. However,
even with the emergence of food-related universities and science and technology schools, there
is still a shortage of manpower requirements in the industry, mainly because even students of
foodrelated majors are not willing to engage in the industry (Walsh, Chang, & Tse, 2015), even
if they try to do so, they will find a high turnover rate (Frye, Kang, Huh, & Lee, 2020; Gibbs &
Slevitch, 2019), a graduate of the author to investigate experience shows that only about thirty
percent of students graduated from the second half in related industries, and that figure will
together with the time goes by, with only ten percent less than three years later, so even if the
food and beverage department and hospitality industry booming, still cannot solve effectively
the human dilemma stretched (Walsh et al., 2015).
The hospitality industry is characterized by long working hours and high pressure, which is one
of the main reasons leading to high dimission rate or low jobhunting intention (Kim & Agrusa,
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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol. 10, Issue 7, July-2023
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2011). When employees can effectively deal with pressure, their work performance and job
satisfaction will be improved (Kim & Agrusa, 2011; Wen, Huang, & Hou, 2019), which naturally
improves employees' willingness to stay in the hospitality industry (Walsh et al., 2015).
However, most studies only focus on the causal relationship between employees' confronting
mechanism and performance, and most think that confronting mechanism is an innate trait of
individuals, while few studies attempt to understand how to improve confronting mechanism
(Walsh et al., 2015; Wen et al., 2019), a few relevant articles have found that the confronting
mechanism to stress can be improved through training, especially the improvement of the so- called "emotional intelligence" (Mattingly & Kraiger, 2019), so as to train employees to deal
with stress more effectively.
So this study wanted to understand how, through the education of college or university of
science and technology, to improve the students' emotional intelligence and their tolerance to
stress, and hopes that this can strengthen their willingness to join in the hospitality industry is
more accurate, this research plans to adjust behavior theory to study, through the model
analysis of behavior intention ability (Goh & Lee, 2018), survey the students into the behavior
intention of hospitality industry, originally planned behavior theory by Ajzen (1991) a survey
of behavioral intention model,This model can be used to understand what factors affect
people's decisionmaking process, and this framework has also been widely applied in other
industrial studies, including tourism, dining and travel-related industries (e.g., Chang, Tsai, &
Yeh, 2014; Han, 2015; Han, Hsu, & Sheu, 2010), however, because of the theory of planned
behavior is the architecture in the decision of the person is on the basis of rational judgment,
so plan to irrational behavior theory of prediction is relatively weak, and easy for survey
industry characteristics have great differences (Han & Kim, 2010), so this research will add
emotional intelligence and confronting mechanisms, to improve the theory of planned behavior
irrational judgment.
To sum up, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the intentions of university or science
and technology students to invest in the hospitality industry in the future by using the extended
version of planned behavior theory. Most previous studies (e.g., Chang et al., 2020; Frye et al.,
2020; Wen et al., 2019) are mostly on the dependent variable of the emotional intelligence and
confronting mechanism research, rarely came to know that the independent variable, a few
studies on the independent variable of the article (e.g., Mattingly & Kraiger, 2019) study of the
industry, only few for university education is to help follow-up investment industry, so this
study wanted to understand the college or university of science and technology education,
whether to have substantial help to students' future employment, in order to enhance students
into food and beverage industry.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Emotional Intelligence
The concept of emotional intelligence was first proposed by Salovey and Mayer (1990), which
means people's ability to evaluate and regulate their own emotional state. Emotional
intelligence was originally a sub-dimension of social intelligence, which was divided into four
parts, namely emotional cognition, emotional integration, emotional understanding and
emotional management (Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 2004).On the other hand, Goleman (1998)
believes that emotional intelligence is the combination of ability and personality, that is to say,
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Hsieh, T. C. (2023). Using an Extension of The Theory of Planned Behavior to Explore University Students' Intention to Pursue Career in The
Hospitality Industry. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 10(7). 35-48.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.107.15024
part of emotional intelligence is innate personality traits, while the other part can be
cultivated.Although there are many different classification methods for the structure of
emotional intelligence, there is a consensus on its definition. Most scholars believe that
emotional intelligence is a person's ability to evaluate and regulate his emotions under
pressure, so as to maintain his best performance (Darvishmotevali, Altinay, & De Vita, 2018;
Wen et al., 2019), according to the above definition, scholars believe that people must be able
to measure and inspect their current emotional state before they can effectively regulate their
emotions and guide their emotions to work with positive effects and productivity.
Emotional intelligence is considered to be one of the most influential job performance and
career loyalty variables (Darvishmotevali et al., 2018), it is particularly important for frontline
staff is, after all, the first line employees must live interaction with customers for long time, the
frontline staff will be responsible for the comfort of the customer's emotions, not only must also
manage their emotions at the same time, especially in the working pressure and disorder of the
workplace environment, must also be smiley face to customers (Wen et al., 2019), more is not
easy,Emotional intelligence can effectively enable employees to cope with their work and social
pressure, and thus achieve better job performance. In this study, it is expected that more future
hospitality workers will be more willing to join the hospitality industry.
Confronting Mechanism
Confronting mechanism refers to a person's ability to cope with external negative factors (Kim
& Agrusa, 2011), the concept of confronting mechanism has been applied in many industry
related research, for example, some studies (Yeh, Aliana, & Zhang, 2012) confronting
mechanism is used to investigate the theme park the tolerance of tourists on the crowded
conditions, the results found that confronting mechanisms will eventually affect the experience,
moreover also respondents were found in the confronting mechanisms, will be less influenced
by external negative factors; confronting mechanisms are also applied to employee-oriented
problems (e.g., Fang, Prayag, Ozanne, & de Vries, 2020; Kim & Agrusa, 2011), the industry long- term employees to face high pressure environment (Frye et al., 2020), that is its ability to
confronting mechanism is very important, some research on some of the more negative
confronting mechanisms, such as the use of smoking as a confronting mechanism (Schantz &
Bruk - Lee, 2016), although also be an effective way to cope with the situation, but has a negative
impact on personal health and life.In addition, some scholars believe that confronting
mechanism is a skill that can be cultivated through training and education (Khan et al., 2019).
Scholars have different opinions on measuring the degree of confronting mechanism. Some
scholars (Avcıoğlu, Karanci, & Soygur, 2019) believe that confronting mechanism is a
relationship after the interaction between people and their environment, so they believe that
people will use confronting mechanism of appropriate environment when facing different
environment.On the other hand, scholars (Gysin-Maillart, Soravia, & Schwab, 2020; VanMeter,
Handley, & Cicchetti, 2020) believe that everyone has his or her own familiar confronting
mechanism, so even in the face of different environmental stimuli, he or she will still choose a
more familiar way to face pressure, which is more consistent with the above theory of
personality traits (Goleman, 1998; Prentice, Zeidan, & Wang, 2020), in other words, personality
traits are highly correlated with the type of confronting mechanism.Whether it is a what kind
of argument, scholars (Avc ı o ğ lu et al., 2019) for the structure of confronting mechanism
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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol. 10, Issue 7, July-2023
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basically have consensus, most think confronting mechanism should be divided into question
for type and mood for type, problems in view of the model is refers to the main attempt in
solving the problem of stress confronting mechanism, while the latter refers to adjust itself
under the stress of facing emotional (Sverdlik, Oreg & Berson, 2020), and subsequent scholars
put forward the third category,It is called avoidant confronting mechanism (Liu, Jiang, & Shi,
2020), which means to cope with environmental pressure by avoiding highpressure
environment. Some people will therefore choose to deal with work they are better at, while
others will directly avoid work. Most scholars (Goleman, 1998; Gysin-Maillart et al., 2020;
Prentice et al., 2020; VanMeter et al., 2020) believes that the first type of confronting
mechanism is positively beneficial to job performance.
Theory of Planned Behavior
Proposed by Ajzen (1991), the theory of planned behavior was originally a research field of
psychology, but in recent years it has been widely applied by the management and tourism
circles in order to understand the decision-making process and behavioral intention of people.
For example, Han and Kim (2010) used the theory of planned behavior to investigate the living
intention of green hotel guests.Theory of planned behavior is extension from the theory of
rational behavior (Ajzen, 1991), its main content is to assume that the decision of the people is
to measure through rational option, then decide whether to engage in some kind of behavior,
and therefore some scholars (Han & Kim, 2010) that the theory of rational behavior and
planned behavior theory, investigate the capability of irrational behavior, for example by
emotions induced behavioral (Yeh, Ma, & Huan, 2016), or impulsive buying behavior (Chung,
Song, & Lee, 2017), etc.Therefore, many scholars (Han, 2015; Han, Meng, & Kim, 2017) will be
expanded when applying the theory of planned behavior to make up for the defects in this
aspect.
Ajzen planned behavior theory and Fishbein (1980) is ultimately want to investigate behavior
intention and behavior intention and think will affect the real behavior, and affect the behavior
intention of three variables, the first pair of variables for behavioral beliefs and attitudes,
behavior refers to men is their belief to take an action after the merits of his judgment, as long
as the judge concluded in the behavior has positive benefits, its attitude towards the behavior
will be positive;The second pair is normative beliefs and subjective norms, that is, whether
people who are important to themselves support their behavior, as long as the surrounding
people also support the behavior, people will form subjective norms, think it is right to engage
in this thing, is recognized by everyone;The last is to control the belief and perceived behavior
control, refers to the people judge in a certain behavior will encounter obstacles, and perceived
behavioral control is whether people think themselves have enough ability and resources to
eliminate the obstacles, when cognitive barriers are relatively low, and sex is relatively high
control ability, to engage in behavior intentions will be higher.
Therefore planned behavior theory with emotional intelligence and confronting mechanism,
this research needs to be the most appropriate choice, first of all, emotional intelligence and
confronting mechanisms are considered relatively mood (D 'Arcy & Teh, 2019) of the decision
factors, so just make up for the shortcoming of the theory of planned behavior, and planned
behavior theory and able to work on the environment factors are negative, for effective
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Hsieh, T. C. (2023). Using an Extension of The Theory of Planned Behavior to Explore University Students' Intention to Pursue Career in The
Hospitality Industry. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 10(7). 35-48.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.107.15024
systemic analysis, to understand people when deciding whether or not in the industry related
industry concerns the key point.
THE RESEARCH METHODS
Research Structure and Hypothesis
In light of theory of planned behavior is a model of a countless has been verified, and the
proposed model to join in our study, and will add complexity, so this research mainly aims at
the front of the second phase factor, namely attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior
control, these three factors itself can influence on behavior intention is the (Bashir, Khwaja,
Turi, & Toheed, 2019; Han et al., 2017; Kim, Njite, & Hancer, 2013), however, although the
original theory of planned behavior is not mentioned, many scholars (Chang et al., 2014; Han et
al., 2010) that is subjective norms will influence the attitude, in other words, the public opinion
of something will affect the attitude of the individual, to the logic of this study shows that if
study is around the relatives and friends all think of a career in industry is a good choice, my
attitude towards participation will also become more positive, more than is complete
theoretical framework of establishing original plan behavior.
Second, this study thinks that the degree of emotional intelligence will directly affect the
individual to stress confronting mechanisms (Alhelalat Habiballah, & Twaissi, 2017), with high
emotional intelligence are more effective to deal with differences on social occasions, can also
more rational planning their own behavior (Goldsmith, 2010), therefore, in the face of the social
conflicts in the work environment will be better able to deal with the high tension,They are also
able to put their energies into corrective work (Darvishmotevali et al., 2018; Wen et al., 2019),
thus improving job performance and job satisfaction (Alhelalat et al., 2017; Judge & Bono,
2001).
Many studies have found that social support is a very important spiritual pillar for employees,
especially in the workplace environment. If they are supported by supervisors, their work
intention and performance will increase, and their turnover intention will decrease (Gordon,
Tang, Day, & Adler, 2019; Shamim, Cang, & Yu, 2017), and a study (Atem Bandiera, Ma,
Businelle, & Kendzor, 2016) also found that friends and family in terms of social support can
help individuals to withstand pressure, can even let them kick the use bad way to relieve
pressure (e.g., smoking), so the social support is obvious for confronting mechanism is a
positive correlation, and personal interpretation of social consciousness, is just one part of the
theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991).
Perceptual behavioral control is the perception judgment of individuals to transcend difficulties
and then engage in certain activities (Chang et al., 2014; Han et al., 2010), and this is exactly
what the confronting mechanism can achieve (Avcıoğlu et al., 2019; Khan et al., 2019), in other
words, if the confronting mechanism is improved, the ability of employees to deal with
obstacles and problems will be correspondingly improved. Therefore, this study assumes that.
Pressure and various problems in the workplace are the main reasons why students are not
willing to join the hospitality industry (Frye et al., 2020; Gibbs & Slevitch, 2019; Walsh et al.,
2015), if students' ability to deal with negative things in the workplace can be improved, their
resignation intention can be effectively eliminated and their behavioral intention to join the
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hospitality industry can be improved. Based on the above discussion, the following hypotheses
are made in this study:
➢ Hypothesis H1: Students' emotional intelligence influences their attitudes towards
joining the hospitality industry1
➢ Hypothesis H2: Students' emotional intelligence affects their confronting mechanism to
the workplace after they join the hospitality industry2
➢ Hypothesis H3: Students' attitudes affect their subjective norms about joining the
hospitality industry3
➢ Hypothesis H4: Students' confronting mechanisms influence their perceived behavioral
control of joining the hospitality industry4
➢ Hypothesis H5: Students' subjective norms influence their behavioral intentions to join
the hospitality industry5
➢ Hypothesis H6: Students' perceived behavioral control affects their behavioral intention
to join the hospitality industry6
➢ Hypothesis H7: Students' attitudes influence their behavioral intentions to join the
hospitality industry7
➢ Hypothesis H8: Students' confronting mechanisms influence their behavioral intentions
to join the hospitality industry8
Also because the research on the surface of the structure of the relationship, assuming H7 and
H8 for placement, H7 subjective norms placement in the relationship between attitude and
behavior intention, H8 is perceived behavior control placement of confronting mechanisms and
the relationship between the behavior intention, so this study also analyzes the H7 and H8
agency relationship, respectively, after the modification of this institute planned behavior
theory model is shown in figure 1, contains the corresponding to the eight assumptions:
Figure 1: Research architecture
Emotional
intelligence
Perceived
behavioral
control
Subjective
norm
Attitude
Confronting
mechanism
Behavioral
Intention
H1
H2
H3
H4
H5
H6
H7
H8
an extension The Theory of Planned behavior
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Hsieh, T. C. (2023). Using an Extension of The Theory of Planned Behavior to Explore University Students' Intention to Pursue Career in The
Hospitality Industry. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 10(7). 35-48.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.107.15024
Dimensions and Variables
This study mainly adopts likert scale 7 to design the questionnaire, which is divided into six
parts. Firstly, previous scholars (Chang et al., 2014; Han, 2015; Han et al., 2010; Han et al., 2017)
adopted the theory of planned behavior and took into account that this research topic was
targeted at students. After partial modification, the questions of attitude, subjective norm,
perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention were developed respectively, with four
questions, five questions, four questions and three questions in each part.
Secondly, in terms of emotional intelligence, this study referred to scholars (Darvishmotevali
et al., 2018; Wen et al., 2019) proposed that emotional intelligence must include four aspects:
personal emotional evaluation, other people's emotional evaluation, making good use of
emotion and regulating emotion, and then conducted the question design of this part from these
four aspects. There were five questions of emotional intelligence in this part.
Finally, regarding the confronting mechanism, this study referred to scholars (Avcıoğlu et al.,
2019; Darvishmotevali et al., 2018; Khan et al., 2019; Wen et al., 2019) divided confronting
mechanisms into three different types of work goaloriented confronting mechanisms, emotion- oriented confronting mechanisms and avoidance-oriented confronting mechanisms, from
which the questions in this part were extended. There were five questions in this part.
Data Collection and Sampling
This study in a university of science and technology in 2020 up to now are finished practice and
practice have graduated students to investigate, the total study population of about 700 people,
for the convenience of questionnaire collected, this study set the questionnaire format on the
Internet, and contact the student to carry on the orientation, in the form of social software can't
directly contact to students, and through the same session or contact friends help educators, a
total of 302 questionnaires, completed rate is about 43%, nearly half of the matrix, although
this study only the internship students in a university survey, however its internship students
in various brands of different parts of the internship units,Therefore, the recovered samples
are still meaningful.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Sample Characteristics
Of this study were 302 valid questionnaires, only 48 men and 15.9% of the sample, the
remaining 254 are women, 84.1% of the sample, visible industry related industry is still in the
majority women practitioners, secondly in terms of age, because just graduated, or still in
practice are presented in the student, so are more than 20 years old, with only four 20, 22, and
23 years old, most of the two up just over half of the sample, in addition, this research also
investigated student admission department don't, the investigation of the school because of
university of science and technology, so students can be made of different types of vocational
college admission, respectively,And some high school students, so the recycling questionnaire
in our study included 116 should be English, 144 food and beverage, 32-bit business
administration and 10 high school students, the majority of students in rooms and food and
beverage department intern, respectively, 98 (32.5%) and 116 (38.4%), the second is the front
desk or service center students, only less than five students to do some special affairs
department, include drinks, the gym, teahouse, bars, etc.
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Hsieh, T. C. (2023). Using an Extension of The Theory of Planned Behavior to Explore University Students' Intention to Pursue Career in The
Hospitality Industry. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 10(7). 35-48.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.107.15024
effect for H7 and H8. The total impact of the path between attitude and behavioral intention is
0.430***, Indirect effects (β=0.368***). The total impact of The path between attitude and
behavioral intention is 0.138*, Indirect effects (β=0.112**).
Figure 2: Model and hypothesis testing
Table 2: Path coefficients
Total Direct Mediated
Beta. t p Beta. t p Beta. t p
The AT - BI 0.430 7.836 0.000 0.062 1.142 0.254 0.368 8.873 0.000
The AT - SN 0.606 14.516 0.000 0.606 14.516 0.000
CM - BI 0.138 2.422 0.016 0.025 0.354 0.724 0.112 2.775 0.006
CM - PBC 0.673 16.909 0.000 0.673 16.909 0.000
EI - the AT 0.595 13.495 0.000 0.595 13.495 0.000
EI - BI 0.323 6.948 0.000 0.323 6.948 0.000
EI - CM 0.485 8.903 0.000 0.485 8.903 0.000
EI - PBC 0.326 6.828 0.000 0.326 6.828 0.000
EI -> SN 0.361 7.651 0.000 0.361 7.651 0.000
The PBC - BI 0.167 2.739 0.006 0.167 2.739 0.006
SN, BI 0.607 9.333 0.000 0.607 9.333 0.000
Beta: the path coefficient. AT: attitude; SN: subjective norm; PBC: perceived behavioral control; CM: confronting
mechanism; EI: emotional intelligence, BI: behavioral intention.
Emotional
intelligence
Perceived
behavioral
control
Subjective
norm
Attitude
Confronting
mechanism
Behavioral
Intention
H1: 0.595***
H2: 0.485***
H3: 0.606***
H4: 0.673***
H5: 0.607***
H6: 0.167**
H7: D: 0.062
M: 0.368***
T: 0.430***
H8: D: 0.025
M: 0.112**
T: 0.138*
an extension The Theory of Planned behavior
ΔR
2
=0.233 ΔR
2
=0.450
ΔR
2
=0.352
ΔR
2
=0.365
ΔR
2
=0.587
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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol. 10, Issue 7, July-2023
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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Research Results
It can be understood from the results summarized in Table 3 that the behavioral intention of
students in the hospitality industry is not a rational decision, but mostly depends on whether
they have enough emotional intelligence to produce high-quality confronting mechanism.
According to scholars (Goleman, 1998; Khan et al., 2019), emotional intelligence that the
confronting mechanism includes natural personality traits and the day after tomorrow training,
therefore this study to the school to give students to investigate in the cultivation of emotional
intelligence and confronting mechanisms, and found the result for predicting behavior
intention is very effective, is much higher than the original theory of planned behavior
dimensions, and therefore get the above conclusion, this study whether students in food
industry, mainly according to the emotional factors in decision-making, the second is perceived
behavior control, which is also has a high correlation with confronting mechanisms,The other
aspects of planned behavior theory cannot effectively predict behavioral intention.
Table 3: Summary of results
Assuming that The path Standardized beta The results of
H1 EI - AT 0.595 *** Set up
H2 EI - CM 0.485 *** Set up
H3 AT - SN 0.606 *** Set up
H4 CM - PBC 0.673 *** Set up
H5 SN - BI 0.607 *** Set up
H6 PBC - BI 0.167 ** Set up
H7 AT - BI 0.062 Completely placement
H8 CM - BI 0.025 Completely placement
Academic Contribution
Through the results of this study, it is found that the original planned behavior theory does not
have effective predictive ability to investigate students' behavioral intentions in the hospitality
industry. Most of the previous applications of planned behavior theory in the hospitality
industry were to investigate customers' behaviors (Chang et al., 2014; Han et al., 2010), in this
study to join the emotional intelligence and confronting mechanisms, with the theory of
planned behavior on the perceived behavior control, is a reasonable and on the empirical
validation of architecture, so that future research can continue in this way to develop a new
model to make up the limitation of planned behavior theory on this type of research, so the
results of this research survey is of academic value.
Management Contribution
With the results of this study shows that for the training of the students' emotional intelligence
and confronting mechanisms, to let them to participate in the hospitality industry effectively
improve behavior intention, that is to say, in the education industry related to the student, in
addition to cultivate skills, cultivate their sociable way method also is very important thing,
especially in industry industry belongs to the industry of emotional labor, more need to pay
attention to emotional intelligence.
In addition, the workplace supervisor's support behind with relatives and friends and
encourage, for a confronting mechanism can effectively improve the industry practitioners, in
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Hsieh, T. C. (2023). Using an Extension of The Theory of Planned Behavior to Explore University Students' Intention to Pursue Career in The
Hospitality Industry. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 10(7). 35-48.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.107.15024
other words, if a director hope that employees can have better performance and centripetal
force, thus reduce the possibility of his departure and laziness, should add support to
employees while these for a direct impact on behavior intention do not help, but can effectively
improve the adaptability of employees in the workplace, and improve output value and loyalty.
Research Limitations and Recommendations for Further Research
Of this study is aimed at industry related department intern students, school education, mainly
want to know, whether in the future and the adaptability of the industry, and that the
investment will have a significant correlation, the results in this study of empirical validation,
but only for this study investigate the students of a university of science and technology, and
resources of the university of each different, the teachers and education way also has difference,
whether other university education can produce different results, are unable to answer the
question, this study period of follow-up study can undertake investigation according to
different schools, to make up for the deficiency of the regret.
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