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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal – Vol. 11, No. 2

Publication Date: February 25, 2024

DOI:10.14738/assrj.112.16392.

Al Qaysi, A., Baaziz, M., Boukari, S., Attia, A., Turki, O., Chortane, S. G., & Khalifa, R. (2024). Guidance/Training Course in Facing the

Psychological Pressures and Improving the Speed and Performance of Football Referees for Iraqi Premier League. Advances in Social

Sciences Research Journal, 11(2). 54-70.

Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom

Guidance/Training Course in Facing the Psychological Pressures

and Improving the Speed and Performance of Football Referees

for Iraqi Premier League

Ali Al Qaysi

Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of

Manouba, Tunisia and Research Laboratory (LR 23JS01) « Sport Performance,

Health & Society »

Mohamed Baaziz

Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of

Manouba, Tunisia andHigher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa,

University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia

Samia Boukari

Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of

Manouba, Tunisia and Research Laboratory (LR 23JS01) « Sport Performance,

Health & Society »

Ahmed Attia

Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of

Manouba, Tunisia and Research Laboratory (LR 23JS01) « Sport Performance,

Health & Society »

Olfa Turki

Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of

Manouba, Tunisia and Research Laboratory (LR 23JS01) « Sport Performance,

Health & Society »

Sabri Gaied Chortane

Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of

Manouba, Tunisia and Research Laboratory (LR 23JS01) « Sport Performance,

Health & Society »

Riadh Khalifa

Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of

Manouba, Tunisia and Research Laboratory (LR 23JS01) « Sport Performance,

Health & Society »

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Al Qaysi, A., Baaziz, M., Boukari, S., Attia, A., Turki, O., Chortane, S. G., & Khalifa, R. (2024). Guidance/Training Course in Facing the Psychological

Pressures and Improving the Speed and Performance of Football Referees for Iraqi Premier League. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal,

11(2). 54-70.

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.112.16392

ABSTRACT

The study aimed to identify the effect of the guidance and Program in Facing the

Psychological Pressures and Improving the Speed, its Endurance and Performance

of Football Referees for Iraqi Premier League. The equal-group experimental

method has been used. The groups are two experimental groups and a control

group with pre- and post-measurements. The study sample consisted of (30)

referees. They were selected randomly and by lottery. They were distributed into

two experimental groups (the first experimental group takes the training

curriculum, the second experimental group takes the training curriculum and the

guidance program), and the third group is the control. Each group consists of ten

referees. Having done that, the normal distribution was conducted by using the

skewness and variation coefficients. while homogeneity was used by Levene’s test

for homogeneity and the (F) test for equality. The researcher conducted an

exploratory experiment, which focused on identifying the field difficulties that the

researcher may face during the actual conduct of the guidance and training

program. The SPSS statistical software has been used. The results of the study

showed the improvement of the second experimental group, followed by the first

experimental group, and then the control group. Accordingly, the researcher

concluded that the guidance and training program improved the referee’s

performance.

Keywords: Guidance/Training Program, Psychological Pressures, Speed Endurance,

Performance of Football Referees.

INTRODUCTION

In order to raise the technical level of referees, we must focus on all physical, martial and

psychological aspects. Because the game of football is diverse and its circumstances keep

changing, for it is considered the first popular game in the world and fun and excitement it gives

for practitioners and viewers alike, it became the most practiced because of the simplicity of its

practice and because it is an attractive international language, it gains the attention of millions

of people of different ages, races, religions, and cultural, social, scientific, and sporting levels,

through field observations or via television screens. This is why we note that International

Federation of Association Football and the national federations always strive to have this game

is at the heart of the event to advance and rise to the best levels through conducting studies and

scientific research as well as great care was taken in preparing the basic elements of this game,

which is represented by the players, coaches, and referees, for they have decisive decisions and

a great influence and a major role in bringing the match to safety and achieving success in

leading it, and it can be achieved only by improving the level of refereeing performance, which

must be essential in the development of the game.

The match referee is constantly confronted with the players' reactions to his decisions, which

sometimes could be as bad as verbal and physical attacks, and the referee is constantly exposed

to the shouts of a certain team fans, as well as to criticism from the media. Football referees,

therefore, are exposed to psychological pressures resulting from refereeing matches, such as

tension, anxiety, and fear. They also suffer from stress and nervous tension, which are of the

causes of psychological burnout, and therefore, psychologically prepared referee will be the

state of readiness and preparedness for the upcoming response, self-confidence, and focusing

on the positive aspects that lead to better expectations for performance and prevents the