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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal – Vol. 11, No. 2.2
Publication Date: February 25, 2024
DOI:10.14738/assrj.112.2.16400.
Bakarim, N. A. A. A., Rahim, R. A., & Hamzah, M. I. (2024). Environmental Transformation: A Systematic Literature Review on Green
Innovation and Its Key Elements. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 11(2.2). 54-65.
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
Environmental Transformation: A Systematic Literature Review
on Green Innovation and Its Key Elements
Nur Aisya Addina Ahmad Bakarim
addinaaisya@gmail.com
Department of Postgraduate and Professional Studies,
Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia
Ramita Abdul Rahim
Corresponding Author: ramita@uitm.edu.my
Department of Technology and Supply Chain Management Studies, Faculty of
Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia and
Institute of Continuing Education & Professional Studies (iCEPS) Level 2, UiTM- MTDC Technopreneur Centre, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) 40450 Shah
Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Muhammad Iskandar Hamzah
iskandarh@uitm.edu.my
Faculty of Business and Management (FBM),
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Puncak Alam, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Green Innovation is rapidly becoming a critical business component for many
organizations. Thus, this study aims to examine Green Innovation practice research
in the literature. At the same time, this study stresses that the practice of
implementing Green Innovation may be used by any firm. A Systematic Literature
Review (SLR) method is utilized for this aim, with 42 out of 125 studies meeting the
search criteria. 24 of those studies are concerned with Green Innovation. Based on
the findings of the investigations, five variables (green product innovation, green
process innovation, green services innovation, green managerial innovation and
green marketing innovation) have been highlighted as elements of Green
Innovation for organizations. Therefore, this article will serve as a useful guide for
firms looking to implement greener technologies through the usage of Green
Innovation.
Keywords: Green Innovation, Green Innovation Practices, Organizations, Systematic
Literature Review.
INTRODUCTION
Green innovation (GI) is currently gaining international attention as a result of growing
consumer, government, and community concern over natural resource depletion and
environmental damage. However, there is minimal emphasis on corporations implementing
new environmental practices in their organizational structures [8]. As this environmental trend
grows, green innovation becomes a vital aspect for firms seeking sustainable development, and
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Bakarim, N. A. A. A., Rahim, R. A., & Hamzah, M. I. (2024). Environmental Transformation: A Systematic Literature Review on Green Innovation and
Its Key Elements. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 11(2.2). 54-65.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.112.2.16400
it contributes to the transition to a sustainable society. More importantly, scholars have paid
close attention to green innovation over the previous decade [12].
GI also known as green technology innovation, refers to technological innovation that considers
environmental considerations and typically has the dual features of economic development and
energy conservation with emission reduction. The literature defines green innovation as a
novel or considerably enhanced process, approach, system, or practice aimed to avoid or
mitigate environmental harm and, as a result, increase organizational performance [5]. By
cultivating these green abilities, individuals can link their own "green" values with their job
efforts [22]. As a result, when employees are aware that their organizations are encouraging
them to adopt green initiatives and engage in green practices, they are more likely to
demonstrate greater commitment to their organization, because they can achieve their green
goals while also working with an organization that shares their values. The use of GI elements
both inside and outside of the firm's boundaries is critical for influencing both economic and
environmental performance goals [14]; [28].
The purpose of this Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is to find research on GI. It is intended
that by doing so, this paper would save time and effort for individuals who want to contribute
to this topic in locating the body of knowledge of connected literature. This report also provides
helpful information for conservation policies and outlines the most significant holes that need
to be filled by future research. Nonetheless, the immediate result of this assessment is
significant in defining the present state of the art research in detecting the impact of
implementing GI on organizations.
This document is organized as follows to report the findings of the SLR study: Section 2
discusses the SLR process, which consists of five phases (methodology). Section 3 analyses the
findings that address the research questions (RQs), and Section 4 brings the study to a
conclusion.
METHODOLOGY
A systematic literature review (SLR) is an approach or method of doing a literature review
based on a question, topic, or phenomenon of interest [17]. In contrast to "traditional" or
narrative review, SLR is a tool that tries to generate a scientific summary of the evidence in a
certain topic [27]. There are six stages that must be reviewed and some of which must be
iterated in order to attain the desired outcome. The stages depicted in Figure 1 are significant
and serve as direction for doing the actual review, which was adapted from [30].
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Figure 1: Stages in a Systematic Review Process [33]
Research Questions
SLR necessitates the development of research questions (RQs) to guide the search and
extraction procedures. As shown in Table 1, the formulation of these RQs should include five
elements [27]. The first step in discovering studies relevant to the research issues that must be
addressed is to define search phrases that will be utilized in the search process. These search
phrases can be thought of as the key aspects that underpin the research questions [24]. The five
PICOC (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Context) components can be
viewed as the research question's primary important parts. Following the SLR, this study
considers all empirical studies on the influence of Green Innovation and its elements of an
organizations.
Table 1: Research Questions as Structured by the PICOC Criteria
No. Criteria Descriptions
1. Population (P) Employees of an organization.
2. Intervention (I) Green Innovation.
3. Comparison (C) Null.
4. Outcomes (O) Organization’s sustainability.
5. Context (C) Organizations.
Table 1 summarizes the top search phrases that address the study's research elements based
on the PICOC criteria. These significant search terms are utilized to derive relevant research
terms that are employed in the primary and secondary source search processes. This paper
discusses the SLR's first two key research questions. The following research topics are
proposed in order to find and evaluate all available research on Green Innovation within
organizations:
● RQ1: What study has been conducted on the Green Innovation?
To answer this research question, this study proposes to seek existing research on the
impact of GI that can assist present and future research in this field.
● RQ2: What elements of Green Innovation have an impact on organization?
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Bakarim, N. A. A. A., Rahim, R. A., & Hamzah, M. I. (2024). Environmental Transformation: A Systematic Literature Review on Green Innovation and
Its Key Elements. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 11(2.2). 54-65.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.112.2.16400
In response to this research topic, this study seeks to discover the GI elements that
influence organizations.
Conducting the Review
The first step in locating relevant material is to create a search string that will be utilized in the
search. According to [15], selecting relevant literature entails conducting a thorough and
exhaustive search for research to be included in the review. Aside from the basic search terms
(see Table 1), this stage involves the usage of synonyms, different spellings, and abbreviations
of the search terms produced from the previous stage. After identifying the search terms, all of
the essential phrases will be combined into a search string that will be utilized in the search
process. The Boolean operators OR and AND can be used to perform the search. OR is used to
group the various forms (for example, synonyms and different spellings) of specific search
terms. Meanwhile, the AND operator connects all of the search phrases into a single search
string. There are two stages to locating relevant material. The search procedure must be
rigorous, with two phases: primary and secondary. The main phase is concerned with
identification using original sources of related material. This stage involves five processes: i)
identify potentially relevant sources, ii) eliminate irrelevant citations (screening title and
abstract), iii) retrieve relevant hard copies, iv) eliminate irrelevant citations (screening full
text), and v) incorporate research in systematic review. This is to guarantee that as many
relevant studies as feasible are recorded. To be considered reliable, the SLR review process
must be both transparent and, to some extent, reproducible [18]. Online databases, search
engines, conference proceedings, peer reviews, and journals are commonly used to gather
primary sources. Except for Google Scholar, all online databases, search engines, and PhD
theses typically support the search string. Simply said, the Google Scholar search engine does
not support string length for research. The core literature in this study includes works
published from 2019 onwards.
Secondary research is required to guarantee that the first search did not overlook any relevant
material. At this stage, the action required is to keep repeating the evaluation of the reference
list of the material retrieved at the initial stage. This operation is done iteratively on fresh
literature discovered. This implies that the search procedure must be meticulously
documented. Tracing investigations are essential for SLR research, as stated by [2].
Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
Initially, each paper retrieved will be read for i) title, ii) abstract and keywords, and iii)
complete text. Nonetheless, the final research chosen will be determined by the inclusion and
exclusion criteria. The results are then compared, and if there is still a disagreement, a debate
is held. Table 2 shows the five inclusion stages of study choosing.
Table 2: Inclusion Phase
Phase Descriptions
Phase 1 Identify potentially relevantsources (from online databases or manual search) (n =125)
Phase 2 Selection: Studies screened (title) (n = 125)
Phase 3 Selection: Studies screened (abstract) (n = 98)
Phase 4 Selection: Studies screened (full text) (n = 74)
Phase 5 Studies included in the synthesis (n = 42)
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The study began with the selection of 125 publications from key internet databases, search
engines, and PhD dissertations and theses. Only 98 of those studies met the inclusion criteria in
the following step. The inclusion and exclusion criteria ensure that only relevant articles are
included in the SLR.
Inclusion
criteria
● Aimed – Green Innovation and the elements. The period from 2019 onwards.
● Domain - Green Innovation impact and the elements for an organization.
● Methods - quantitative, qualitative, mix mode that blend both, case studies or
experimental.
● Types – key internet databases, search engines and PhD dissertations and theses.
● Language - English language only.
Exclusion
criteria
● Studies that do not match with the research question (RQ) are excluded.
● Studies that are written in another language aside from English are excluded.
● Studies that contain videos are not included.
● Studies that involve own assumption or personal view are disregarded.
● Studies presented by authors without supporting evidence are eliminated.
Figure 2: Publication Collection Method Flow
All of the extracted articles are reviewed during the initial selection stage process. Screening
entails examining the title and abstract to discover related publications. An article that meets
the minimum requirements for inclusion is chosen. Articles undergo further review and a
decision is made whether to include or remove the piece from the library. At this step, 98
articles were chosen from among the 125 articles contained in the database. The final phase of
the selection criterion comprises a thorough evaluation of all articles. The articles are printed
on paper and read. If an article fails to match the inclusion requirements, it is removed from the
database. Only 42 of the 98 articles were chosen as a final result. Figure 2 depicts the techniques
to doing searches and selecting related studies.
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Bakarim, N. A. A. A., Rahim, R. A., & Hamzah, M. I. (2024). Environmental Transformation: A Systematic Literature Review on Green Innovation and
Its Key Elements. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 11(2.2). 54-65.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.112.2.16400
Quality Assessment
To speed up the data extraction process, a form was created to be utilized in obtaining evidence
relating to the research topics and measuring the quality of the main studies. A checklist
describing the key criteria anticipated from the primary study was created. In terms of study
quality, the checklist aids in a "less biased" selection. The checklist derived from [17] and [29]
is used to evaluate the research publications (see Table 4). The checklist is organized into four
sections: design, conduct, analysis, and conclusion. For each item, several questions about the
individual study are asked. Each question on the checklist is assigned a ratio scale to assess the
quality of quantitative and qualitative research. Yes = 1 point, No = 0 point, and partially = 0.5
point. The weight is added up, and the overall result score for each study varies from 0
(extremely poor) to 7 (very good) [32].
Table 3: Quality Assessment Criteria
Item Answer
Design
Was the article referred? Yes/No/Partially
Is/Are the aim(s) of study clearly stated? Yes/No/Partially
What population was being studied? Yes/No/Partially
How was the sample obtained (e.g., postal, interview, web based) Yes/No/Partially
Is/Are the measure(s) used in the study fully defined? Yes/No/Partially
Conduct
Are the data collection adequately described? Yes/No/Partially
Is the purpose of the data analysis clear? Yes/No/Partially
Analysis
What was the response rate? Yes/No/Partially
Was the denominator (i.e., the population size) reported? Yes/No/Partially
Are the study’s participants or observation units adequately described? For example,
SE experience, type (student, practitioner, consultant) nationality, task experience and
other relevant variables.
Yes/No/Partially
Conclusion
Are all the study’s questions answered? Yes/No/Partially
Are the findings credible? For example, the study was methodologically explained so
that the findings are
Yes/No/Partially
The first, second, and third criteria are the minimal qualities chosen to eliminate papers that do
not match the SLR's aim. Meanwhile, the remaining seven criteria (4-10) address technique,
data gathering, and the instruments utilized for discovery. Criteria 11 and 12 are concerned
with the papers' credibility, which ensures that each particular study is genuine and
meaningful.
Data Collection and Analysis
A form was established throughout the data extraction process to collect evidence relevant to
the study, questions addressed in the studies, and to measure the quality of the main studies.
According to [18], a data extraction procedure must be carried out by two or more researchers,
referred to as the extractor and data checker. This is done to reduce the element of bias in the
selection of primary research. Meanwhile, for quality assurance, the assigned supervisor is
tasked with randomly checking part of the extracted data, and a meeting is scheduled to
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compare and cross-check the data extracted by the main researcher and the supervisor. Data
extraction is performed on all articles that pass the screening procedure stage. A checklist is
created to outline the main quality characteristics required from primary research [29]. The
data extraction form is intended to capture all of the information required to respond to the
review questions and quality standards. According to [29], the data from each of the selected
studies must be recorded using a data extraction form and saved into a separate word
document file. On the data extraction form, each study is given a unique identification number
for future reference. The studies are then saved as a file with the unique ID for future reference.
Table 5 shows the data extraction from the intended for the SLR investigation. The form is
divided into three sections: i) Information Data from the Study, ii) Data Relevant to Answering
the Research Questions, and iii) Quality Assessment Checklist.
Table 4: Data Extraction Form
Data Items Descriptions
Study’s Information Data
Study ID Refers to the unique identification given to the article.
Title Refers to the label of the article.
Year of publication Refers to the article’s publication year.
Reference type Refers to whether the publication is in the form of a
journal/ conference/ thesis /unpublished work.
Publisher Refers to the name of the publisher, or proceeding.
Data Relevant to Answering the Research Questions
RQ1: What study has been conducted on the Green Innovation? Research questions to focus on.
RQ2: What elements of Green Innovation have an impact on
organization?
Quality Assessment Checklist
DISCUSSION
RQ1: What Study Has Been Conducted on the Green Innovation?
According to the findings, 24 of the 42 selected studies cover GI. Each article discusses a distinct
aspect and viewpoint of Green Innovation. The majority of GI research focuses on
environmental issues. In addition to the environment, the research focuses on organizational
performance, organizations, workplace innovation, sustainability, corporate performance,
business performance, economic, emerging markets, and energy. The 24 recognized studies are
carried out in a variety of industries, including manufacturing, hotel, banking, Small Medium
Enterprises (SMEs), food, and automotive. The studies were published between 2019 and 2023.
This statistic suggests that Green Innovation is a new topic that has piqued the interest of
scholars in the previous five years. According to an examination of the research methodologies
used in these studies, 82% of the studies utilized a survey (quantitative) method to analyses
the data, while 6% and 2% used an interview method and case study (qualitative), respectively.
Table 5 outlines the 24 papers focusing on Green Innovation.
Table 5: Studies on Green Innovation
Title Author/Year Area
The role of green innovation on environmental and
organizational performance: Moderation of human
resource practices and management commitment
Ahmed, Akbar, Aijaz,
Channar, Ahmed &
Parmar, (2022)
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Bakarim, N. A. A. A., Rahim, R. A., & Hamzah, M. I. (2024). Environmental Transformation: A Systematic Literature Review on Green Innovation and
Its Key Elements. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 11(2.2). 54-65.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.112.2.16400
Green Process Innovation: Where we are and where we
are going
Khan, Kaur, Jabeen & Dhir
(2022)
Environmental
Sustainable Business Performance: Examining the Role of
Green HRM Practices, Green Innovation and Responsible
Leadership through the Lens of Pro-Environmental
Behavior.
Liu, Yue, Ijaz, Lutfi & Mao
(2023)
The mediating role of Green Innovation and Green
Culture in the relationship between Green Human
Resource Management and Environmental Performance.
Fang, Shi, Gao & Li (2022)
Environmental
The Mediating Effect of Green Innovation on the Performance
Relationship between Green Supply Chain Management
and Environmental Performance.
Seman, Govindan,
Mardani, Zakuan, Sanan,
E. Hooker & Ozkul (2019)
Green Innovation practices and Consumer Resistance to
Green Innovation product: Moderating role of
environmental knowledge and pro-environmental
behaviors.
Khan, Du, Malik, Anuar,
Pradana & Yaacob (2022)
Environmental
Knowledge
The Impact of Green Innovation on Environmental
Sustainability.
Jassim & Challoob (2021) Environmental
Sustainability
Exploring the Impact of Innovation on Organizational
Performance: Study at Jordanian Technology Companies.
Lehyeh (2022)
Organizational
Performance
Impact of Green Innovation on The Performance of
Selected Carbonated Drink Manufacturing Companies in
Nigeria.
Olawoyin (2021)
Green Innovation Practices and Its Impacts on
Environmental and Organizational Performance.
Wang, Khan, Anwar,
Fakhar Shahzad, Adu &
Murad (2021)
The Effects of Green Innovations in Organizations:
Influence of Stakeholders.
Jayaraman, Jayashree &
Dorasamy (2023) Organization
The role of green innovation and hope in employee
retention.
E-Hasan, Ahmadi,
Sekhon, Mortimer, Sadiq,
Kharouf & Abid (2022)
The Impact of Workplace Green Behavior and Green
Innovation on Green Performance of SMEs: A Case Study
in Indonesia.
Syafri, Prabowo, Nur &
Muafi (2021) Workplace
Innovation
Utilizing Green Design as Workplace Innovation to
Relieve Service Employee Stress in the Luxury Hotel
Sector.
Han, Montes, Giorgi &
Lee (2020)
Green innovation and Sustainable Development Goals in
SMEs: the moderating role of government incentives.
Ullah, Ahmad, Rehman &
Fawad (2021)
The Halo Effect of Government: Does State- Owned Sustainability
Capital Promote the Green Innovation of Chinese Private
Enterprise?
Hu, Li & Ye (2023)
The Impact of employees’ pro-environmental behaviors
on corporate Green Innovation performance: The
mediating effect of green organizational identity.
Cheng, Wu, Deng & Li
(2022)
Corporate
Performance
The role of Green Innovation between Green Market
Orientation and Business Performance: Its Implication for
Open Innovation.
Tjahjadi, Soewarno,
Hariyati Nafidah,
Business
Performance
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Kustiningsih &
Nadyaningrum (2020)
The impact of green innovation on Enterprise Green
Economic Efficiency.
Li, Huang & Zhao (2022) Economic
Corporate Social Responsibility, Green Innovation and
Competitiveness- Causality in Manufacturing.
Lozano & Collazo (2021) Emerging Market
The Impact of Green Innovation on Carbon Emissions:
Evidence from the Construction Sector in China.
Li, Qin &Yang (2023) Energy
RQ2: What Elements of Green Innovation Have an Impact on Organization?
This section examines the aspects of Green Innovation that have an impact on organizations.
Six articles from the SLR discuss the elements, which are: i) [Rizwan] with two elements, ii)
[Lehyeh] with two elements, iii) [Olawoyin] with two elements, iv) [Nagham] with two
elements, v) [Sher] with two elements, and vi) [Noor] with four elements. Five elements were
derived from the six studies cited. Table 6 includes the publications, together with the names
of the writers and the elements covered in their papers.
Table 6: Elements of Green IT Practice
Author (s) Elements
Ahmed, Akbar, Aijaz, Channar, Ahmed &Parmar (2023) 1. Green Product
2. Green Process
Lehyeh (2022) 1. Green Product Innovation
2. Green Service Innovation
3. Green Process Innovation
Olawoyin (2021)
Jassim & Challoob (2021)
Khan, Kaur, Jabeen & Dhir (2022)
Seman, Govindan, Mardani, Zakuan, Sanan, E. Hooker & Ozkul (2019) 1. Green Product Innovation
2. Green Process Innovation
3. Green Managerial Innovation
4. Green Marketing Innovation
Limitations of the Study
Despite adhering to the technique proposed by [17] this study has some limitations. The
inclusion and exclusion criteria are based on researcher judgement to elaborate the selection
of keywords. One of its other constraints is that every one of the articles chosen are from
reputable databases that only provide access to the retrieval of the articles. Articles that are
inaccessible are immediately removed. As a result, in order to better future research, this study
recommends that the full internet databases and venues used by practitioners to publish their
articles on Green Innovation be included. In addition, only completed research publications are
included in the selection criteria. Furthermore, all of the papers chosen are determined and
appraised based on the researcher's knowledge and the guidelines that follow. Despite the fact
that a meeting for consensus was organized, researcher bias remains a concern that should be
avoided when evaluating the contribution of each publication.
CONCLUSION
Some key issues in GI appear to warrant more exploration based on the paper's rigorous
examination of academic journals and conference proceedings in the field of Green Innovation.
Although many people are interested in GI, there is a lack of information among organizations
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Bakarim, N. A. A. A., Rahim, R. A., & Hamzah, M. I. (2024). Environmental Transformation: A Systematic Literature Review on Green Innovation and
Its Key Elements. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 11(2.2). 54-65.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.112.2.16400
about how to apply these new innovations. Almost half of the papers evaluated are concerned
with the environment, which is synonymous with "green. As a result, as its first
recommendation for future research, this report proposes focusing on issues other than the
environment as a research subject and background. An excellent example of a focus area for
determining the impact of GI to the system itself is an organization. When an organization has
a favorable attitude toward GI, it will be more concerned about energy use and environmental
impact. The study's limitations also provide some guidance for future research. According to
the findings, a greater emphasis on the contributions and measurements of GI in any area is
clearly needed.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers extend sincere appreciation to the Faculty of Business Management, Universiti
Teknologi MARA (UiTM) for graciously providing the opportunity and unwavering support that
facilitated the publication of this research paper.
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