Page 1 of 18

Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal – Vol. 11, No. 3

Publication Date: March 25, 2024

DOI:10.14738/assrj.113.16582.

Sahebpour, V., Abhari, S. A. & Panahi, M. (2024). Design Commercial Complex, Considering Environment. Advances in Social Sciences

Research Journal, 11(3). 113-130.

Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom

Design Commercial Complex, Considering Environment

Vesal Sahebpour, Sepehr Asgarian Abhari & Mahdi Panahi

ABSTRACT

This study examines to design the commercial, official, and entertainment complex

according to regional typological approach. The aim of this study is to create a

pleasant environment for buying goods, receiving official service, entertainment

and communication of human. In order to access the goal, the researchers’ focused

on the history of commercial and official in Iran. Moreover, the researchers

investigate the evolution of the complexes during the history. The main objective of

this study is to design the complex properly according to the regional typological

approach. The researchers analyzed the site through different directions as follows

a) the placement of building on the site b) the directions of building and entrances.

The researchers tried to have the building that has the best harmony with the

environment. The researchers received the most important tools from the site

analysis. Physical planning determined required spaces and their measurements. It

is obvious that the researchers considered the concept, view according to the site

features in order to access the best concept and design.

Keywords: Commercial and Official complex center, regional typological approach.

INTRODUCTION

shopping center also called a shopping complex, shopping arcade, shopping plaza or galleria, is

a group of shops built together, sometimes under one roof also, it is available to the public with

variety of shops and units. (22) The term "typology" has its roots in the Greek and Latin

languages and has been used in Western culture to refer to a specific group with a distinct

characteristic or feature. In architecture and archaeology, typology has been used as a tool for

classification and identification since the mid-18th century. In other fields such as biology,

psychology, economics, and mathematics, typology plays an important role in categorization

and understanding. The concept of evolution and the classification of species in biology, for

example, heavily relies on typology. In this thesis, the focus is on the use of typology in designing

a commercial administrative complex with a regional approach. (19) The problem statement

discusses the importance of designing commercial complexes that provide a stress-free

environment and meet the various needs of people. The success of a commercial system

depends on its ability to sell products, which requires creating an attractive space for visitors.

The design process involves analyzing environmental data, ideas, and standards to create a plan

that meets all design issues. The article discusses the importance of commercial spaces in every

community and how they have evolved over time due to cultural and economic changes. The

design of commercial centers has become increasingly important in recent years to meet the

various needs of buyers. The article also highlights the growth of chain stores and the

competition between them in providing quality services to customers. The goal of this research

is to examine the typology of regional architecture and related concepts such as harmonization

with the surrounding environment, which naturally affects the design of commercial and office

Page 2 of 18

114

Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol. 11, Issue 3, March-2024

Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom

buildings. The aim is to establish a proper and cohesive design process that is in line with the

region. The research seeks to answer the following questions:

1. Has attention been paid to regional typology in the design of commercial and office

buildings?

2. Should the design of commercial and office buildings consider the quality of spaces, their

relationships with each other, and the introduction of new tools such as cars?

DATA ANALYSIS

Species and typology, space, and form are important in architecture. This subject has been used

for about 200 years and is also applicable in Iran. However, rarely have the various aspects of

it been explained. (19) Typology in architecture has been used for over two thousand years and

has been addressed by ancient architects such as Vitruvius and Ghias al-Din Jamshid Kashani.

(21) In Southern Europe and countries like Italy and France, typology is understood with a

formal concept and numerical methods are also used, while in Northern European or Anglo- Saxon culture, typology and typological approaches are not used. In the 1990s, the topic of

typology was discussed in universities such as Harvard, MIT, and Birmingham, resulting in

dozens of articles. (19) Typology in Iranian architecture has been developed for three decades,

focusing on common characteristics of buildings. A study on housing in the village of Kandovan

describes features of rock houses, including number of floors, enclosed spaces, and placement

of interior objects. (12) In the 1990s, the Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation and the

Building and Housing Research Organization in Iran were interested in typology to improve

practicality in housing design. However, there is a lack of clear definition of species and

typology, and a clear framework for achieving species is also a challenge due to different criteria

and methods used by different individuals and consulting companies. The function of the

building, plan shape, and sharing of a building element are the basis of typology studies in

Iranian research. (19) The world's climate is categorized into five types based on plant growth:

tropical rainforest, hot and dry, warm and temperate, cold and snowy, and polar. Tropical

rainforest has no cold season, hot and dry climates have little precipitation, warm and

temperate climates have moderate temperatures, cold and snowy climates have snowfall, and

polar climates have no warm season. The average temperature in the coldest month and

warmest month varies for each climate type. (13)

Table 1: this table illustrates world's five main climate in field of plant growth and

features and features in terms of vegetation.

Climate Feature in terms of vegetation Weather

feature

Quantitative range of temperature

signs

Tropical

Rainfall and temperature are suitable

for the growth of tropical forests

No

winter

No month

of the year is colder than

ْ18

a

Dry It is not suitable for growing trees Lack of

rain

Rainfall is less than the needs of tree

plants

b

Mild Rainfall and temperature are enough

for the growth of treasure forests

Mild

winter

The coldest month is between -3 and

18

c

Cold Rainfall and temperature are

sufficient for the growth of conifers

Cold

winter

The coldest month is -3 below d

Polar The tree does not grow due to the

extreme cold

No

summer

No month is above 10 e

Page 3 of 18

115

Sahebpour, V., Abhari, S. A. & Panahi, M. (2024). Design Commercial Complex, Considering Environment. Advances in Social Sciences Research

Journal, 11(3). 113-130.

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.113.16582

Building design should use natural resources, minimize environmental impacts, optimize water

management, incorporate vegetation and surrounding landscapes, use sustainable materials,

and align with cultural values. (5) Architecture should take into account the climate, natural

resources, and environmental impacts. It should use sustainable materials, blend with green

spaces, and consider local landscapes. Climate elements and geographical conditions should be

considered. Outstanding architecture prioritizes stability, beauty, comfort, and human well- being. (5) Sustainable architecture focuses on using renewable materials, environmentally

friendly designs, and selecting suitable locations for buildings. It aims to reduce negative

impacts on nature and improve living conditions by considering environmental and economic

factors in urban design and architecture. This approach can contribute to protecting the

environment and enhancing people's lives. (17) Climate scientists use a variety of indicators to

determine the climate of a location, including measures of dryness, relative humidity,

temperature, evaporation, transpiration, wind speed, precipitation, and more. These indicators

help scientists understand the unique climate characteristics of different geographical

latitudes. (17) Local climate has a big impact on human activities and daily life. It affects things

like agriculture, heating and cooling of homes, and the air quality in cities. Humans have made

changes to the local climate intentionally or unintentionally. This makes the local climate very

important for our well-being and the way we live. (1) The formation of an urban heat island in

large cities creates a dome of air that causes a significant temperature difference and air

pollution, making it an environmental problem. (1) Climatology is the study of climate, its

factors, and applications to solve societal problems for human resources. (9) Applied

climatology is the utilization of climate data archives to address social, economic, and

environmental issues in industries like agriculture, energy, and industry. (17) Climatic

architecture involves designing buildings that are suitable for the environment and selecting

appropriate materials, while also incorporating methods to reduce heat loss, wind impact, and

utilize solar energy while protecting from intense solar radiation. (17) Climatic architecture

designs utilize natural forces and coordinate with the surrounding environment to create a

suitable natural environment for users. (13) Climatic design implementation is a building

approach that aims to decrease heating and cooling expenses by utilizing natural energy flows

to provide comfort in buildings. (15) To achieve the goal of designing a comfortable building, it

is necessary to investigate the climatic conditions of the location and design the building

structure accordingly. (9) Reducing economic costs is crucial for preserving natural resources

and ensuring their efficient and sustainable use. (1) (1) Iran's climate is influenced by latitude,

altitude, and the presence of mountain ranges. The country's location between 35- and 40-

degrees north latitude, along with its high plateau and limited low-lying areas, contributes to

its diverse climate. The moderating effects of the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf are limited

due to the presence of the Alborz and Zagros Mountain ranges. Iran's climate can be categorized

into four main types: moderate and humid along the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, cold

in the western mountains, warm and dry on the central plateau, and warm and humid along the

southern shores. These diverse geographical features result in varying climatic conditions

across the country. (13) The semi-tropical regions in Iran experience very dry air due to the

influence of migratory winds and high-pressure areas, impacting human comfort and building

design. Intense direct sunlight, mostly cloudless skies, and low humidity lead to wide

temperature fluctuations, with surface temperatures reaching up to 70 degrees Celsius in

summer and dropping rapidly at night. The central plateau, the largest region in Iran, has warm

and dry weather conditions, characterized by harsh winters and hot summers, with semi-desert

areas due to scattered topographical features. (13) The ranges and foothills of the highlands