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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal – Vol. 11, No. 9

Publication Date: September 25, 2024

DOI:10.14738/assrj.119.17524.

Mahini, E. A., Hosseyni, S. A., Ebrahimkhani, M., Mohammadi, M., & Shokri, S. (2024). Bipolar Disorder and Its Factors. Advances in

Social Sciences Research Journal, 11(9). 01-11.

Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom

Bipolar Disorder and Its Factors

Elina Ashtari Mahini

Seyedeh Asra Hosseyni

Mojtaba Ebrahimkhani

Mahdi Mohammadi

Setayesh Shokri

ABSTRACT

This research investigates the factors contributing to bipolar disorder in

adolescents and young adults aged 13 to 23. Data: The data for this study was

collected from 52 adolescents and young adults, students and individuals aged

between 13 to 23 years. Non-parametric single-sample or Wilcoxon tests were used

for data classification and categorization. There were 34 female and 18 male

participants. The findings of this research have shown us that factors such as

genetics, negative emotions (anger, anxiety, and stress), substance and alcohol use,

social pressure, awareness of illness and bipolar disorder, sudden lifestyle changes,

mood swings, and relationship disturbances were directly associated. Factors such

as regular lifestyle habits including diet, sleep, and exercise; sudden changes in

lifestyle, mood swings, sexual tendencies and irrational beliefs such as suicide, as

well as difficulties in adhering to daily routines, financial resources, sudden

lifestyle changes, mood swings, and bipolar disorder; sudden changes in sexual

tendencies and bipolar disorders have no direct relationship.

Keywords: bipolar disorder, the factors of these disease, genetics, alcohol, habits.

INTRODUCTION

Bipolar disorder (manic depression) is a mental illness that causes unusual displace a person’s

mood, energy, activity levels, and concentration. These shifts can make it difficult to accomplish

day-to-day tasks.

Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by distinct periods of mood swings,

ranging from extreme elation to deep depression. There are three primary types of bipolar

disorder, each exhibiting clear changes in mood, energy, and activity levels. Manic episodes are

characterized by heightened elation, irritability, or increased energy, while depressive episodes

involve feelings of sadness, indifference, or hopelessness. Hypomanic episodes represent less

severe forms of mania, featuring elevated mood states without the severity of manic episodes.

Bipolar I disorder is a severe form of the condition, characterized by manic last for at least seven

days or require immediate medical attention due to severe symptoms. Manic episodes often

coexist with depressive episodes, which typically last for at least two weeks. Additionally,

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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol. 11, Issue 9, September-2024

Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom

mixed episodes featuring both depressive and manic symptoms can occur. Rapid cycling is

defined as experiencing four or more episodes of mania or depression within a single year.

Bipolar II disorder is characterized by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic

episodes, with hypomanic episodes being less severe than manic episodes in bipolar I disorder.

Cyclothymic disorder, also known as cyclothymia, is defined by recurring hypomanic and

depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for hypomanic or depressive episodes. In

some cases, individuals may experience symptoms of bipolar disorder that do not fit into the

three defined categories, which are referred to as "other specified and unspecified bipolar and

related disorders."

Bipolar disorder is typically diagnosed during late adolescence or early adulthood, although

symptoms may appear in children. The condition often requires lifelong treatment, with

varying symptoms over time. Following a prescribed treatment plan can help individuals

manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.1

Bipolar disorder in children and teenagers is not uncommon. While typically diagnosed during

later teenage years or early adulthood, symptoms of BD can often appear in young children. It

can be challenging to distinguish between normal mood swings and signs of a serious mental

health condition in teenagers. Parents, caregivers, friends, and family members should watch

for mood swings that differ from typical behavior, as behavioral changes can be a sign of the

onset of a mental health concern. If you are concerned, it is essential to seek help, even if the

child is not diagnosed with bipolar disorder, as there may be another mental health issue that

needs to be addressed.2

Bipolar disorder risk factors include the onset of the condition typically occurring during late

adolescence or young adulthood, although it can sometimes appear in childhood. The disorder

can run in families, suggesting a possible genetic component.

Men and women are equally likely to develop bipolar disorder. However, women are somewhat

more likely to experience rapid cycling, which is defined as having four or more distinct mood

episodes within a year. Additionally, women tend to spend more time in a depressive state

compared to men with bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder typically develops later in life for women, and they are more likely to have

bipolar disorder II and experience seasonal mood changes. Women with bipolar disorder are

also more prone to experiencing a combination of medical and mental health issues, including

thyroid disease, migraine, and anxiety disorders.

Many individuals with bipolar disorder misuse alcohol or other drugs during manic or

depressive episodes. Those with the condition are more likely to experience seasonal

depression, co-existing anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and obsessive- compulsive disorder.

3

1 Bipolar Disorder - National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

2 Understanding Bipolar Disorder | McLean Hospital

3 Types of Bipolar Disorder and Their Distinctive Features

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Mahini, E. A., Hosseyni, S. A., Ebrahimkhani, M., Mohammadi, M., & Shokri, S. (2024). Bipolar Disorder and Its Factors. Advances in Social Sciences

Research Journal, 11(9). 01-11.

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.119.17524

Although recently more research has considered children with bipolar disorder than in the

past, much controversy still surrounds the validity of the diagnosis. Furthermore, questions

remain as to whether or not childhood expressions of bipolarity are continuous with adult

manifestations of the illness. In order to advance current knowledge of bipolar disorders in

children, researchers have begun to conduct phenomenological, longitudinal, treatment, and

neuroimaging studies in youths who exhibit symptoms of bipolar illness, as well as offspring of

parents with bipolar disorders. Regardless of the differences between research groups

regarding how bipolar disorder in children is defined, it is agreed that pediatric bipolarity is a

serious and pernicious illness. With early intervention during the period of time in which

youths are exhibiting subsyndromal symptoms of pediatric bipolarity, it appears that the

progression of the illness to the more malignant manifestation of the disorder may be avoided.

This paper will review what is currently known and what still is left to learn about clinically

salient topics that pertain to bipolar disorder in children and adolescents.

4

The association of bipolar disorder with early and excessive cardiovascular disease was

identified over a century ago. Nonetheless, the vascular‐bipolar link remains underrecognized,

particularly with regard to how this link can contribute to our understanding of pathogenesis

and treatment.5

The Stanley Foundation Bipolar Treatment Outcome Network (SFBN) recruited more than 900

outpatients from 1995 to 2002 from 4 sites in the United States (US) and 3 in the Netherlands

and Germany (abbreviated as Europe). When funding was discontinued, the international

group of investigators continued to work together as the Bipolar Collaborative Network (BCN),

publishing so far 87 peer-reviewed manuscripts. On the 25th year anniversary of its founding,

publication of a brief summary of some of the major findings appeared appropriate. Important

insights into the course and treatment of adult outpatients with bipolar disorder were revealed

and some methodological issues and lessons learned will be discussed.6

Non-pharmacological treatment options including psychotherapy, resilience promotion

through good sleep, diet, and exercise hygiene, and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation are

important first line interventions for high-risk offspring. There has been some success in

treating this population with open-label trials with mood stabilizers and atypical

antipsychotics; however, these results have not been replicated in randomized controlled

trails.7

Bipolar disorder (BD) is the episodic disturbance of mood into depression or elation. Bipolar I

disorder (BD-I) is defined by mania; bipolar II disorder (BD-II) by major depression and

hypomania. BD is heritable; many gene variants of small effect contribute to risk. Anxiety

comorbidity is common. The management of bipolar disorder usually requires long-term

medical treatment. Because BD combines chronicity with considerable patient autonomy,

psychoeducation is also key to management. Severe manic episodes, with or without mixed

4 Christine A. Demeter, Lisa D. Townsend, Michael Wilson, Robert L. Findling [Pages 215-228 | Published online:

01 Apr 2022]

5 Bipolar Disord. 2020 Aug; 22(5): 440–460 [ Published online 2020 Jun 8th]

6 International Journal of Bipolar Disorders volume 9, Article number: 13 (2021)

7 Curr Treat Options Psychiatry. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 Dec 1. Published in final edited form

as: Curr Treat Options Psychiatry. 2017 Dec; 4(4): 341–356.Published online 2017 Nov 4