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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal – Vol. 8, No. 3
Publication Date: March 25, 2021
DOI:10.14738/assrj.83.9839. Hyder, H. (2021). The Pedagogy of English Language Teaching using CBSE Methodologies for Schools. Advances in Social Sciences
Research Journal, 8(3) 188-193.
The Pedagogy of English Language Teaching using CBSE
Methodologies for Schools
Huma Hyder
(Independent Researcher)
Member KSAALT Jeddah,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
ABSTRACT
Progressive Globalization established the necessity of workforce to
possess excellent communication skills in multiple languages. Areas
such as tourism, trade, media, technology, science, and others use
common languages. However, countries like China, South Korea, and so
forth discussed the need to teach one foreign language at primary as
well as secondary school level and hence developed education policies
that focused on teaching English as a foreign language or second
language. Some countries like Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and
India already have English language as a second official language.
Hence, English Language Education was considered as second foreign
language which was accepted and now it is considered as a symbol of
aspiring quality education in a national as well as international
perspective. In 21st century, English is considered as an international
link language which is been widely accepted by people across the
world. Although, English language has a historical heritage of British
Empire, it is best used to develop an individual’s cultural,
technological, scientific and material needs that competes with the
society. It is believed that language learning is not just acquiring the
skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Language learning is
also about the language competence and the ways communicative
competence has been applied in an integrated manner. English
language learning is not just an educational issue, it also addresses the
issues of the society, national development, and personal
advancement. In the present scenario, English Language acquired an
inclusive place in most of the societies, especially in India. As a result,
English Medium Schools have gained immense popularity which
responds to aspiration of the people. This paper tries to present the
significance of English as a Second language. The main purpose of this
paper is to explore the significant pedagogies or methodologies used in
schools to teach English as English language plays a crucial role in the
education sector.
Key Words: inherent, communication, structure, grammar, phonology,
suggestopedia.
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Hyder, H. (2021). The Pedagogy of English Language Teaching using CBSE Methodologies for Schools. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 8(3)
188-193.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.83.9839 189
INTRODUCTION
Language is generally understood as a set of arbitrary vocal symbols which are operated in social
groups as a means to communicate, verbalize, and express an individual’s desires, emotions, and
feelings. To put it differently, language is considered to be an indivisible part of the human society.
It is believed that human civilization has occurred only with language. Human language is
different from animals and hence is discussed to be human in nature (Verplaetse & Migliacci,
2017).
Some of the fine characteristics of language are identified as follows:
Language is not an inherent process, instead it is a learnt activity. Usually, any language is learnt
through practice and imitation. Hence, language is not inherited, it is acquired from one
community to other community. It is widely accepted that an individual acquires a language when
he/she is transferred from one community to the other. Language is compared to human body
that functions by means of words, structures, syntax, sounds and so forth (Verplaetse & Migliacci,
2017).
Language is not static as it undergoes changes in its structure, grammar, phonology, vocabulary
and so forth over the time. Most importantly, language is vocal. Of all the basic skills, speaking is
considered as the fundamental and rudimentary thing in language than other skills like listening,
reading, and writing. Hence, language is considered to be essential in the process of
communication. It is widely held view that there is no significant relationship between words and
meaning in a language (Verplaetse & Migliacci, 2017). Therefore, language is nothing but arbitrary
in nature. Above all, any language is learnt through practice and not through rules. It can also
mean that language is a kind of habit formation which require zero effort of any individual. In
other words, language is the product of society and its culture. Every language is unique in its own
structure, grammar, vocabulary, phonology and so forth. Thus, it can be stated that no two
languages are alike.
Language has several functions of which seven of them are considered to be elementary or
fundamental (Davidse, 2018). Language is the means of serving the instrument or the material
needs of an individual. It is also used to control the behaviour of other individuals. Language is
prominently used to advise, suggest, and propose ideas with the aim of doing something for a
better cause. Subsequently, language is used to interact with each other which includes
sympathizing other human beings, expressing gratitude, greeting and complementing each other,
demonstrating hostility and so forth. Additionally, language serves the personal needs of every
individual. Personal feelings, emotions, and desires of an individual are expressed through
language. Language is also used to think and image a world which is not existing. It is also used to
represent, describe, and present the imaginative mind in words (Davidse, 2018).
Broadly speaking, any language is learnt with an ease just like learning to run, play, walk and other
day-to-day activities. It has been widely acknowledged that children who are admitted to English
Medium Schools adapt better communication skills than those who study in government schools.
The medium of school largely impacts the language learning of the language where teachers apply
different ways to teach language. As already discussed, language is a process of habit formation,
which is shaped either consciously and unconsciously. The other methods of language learning
adopted in schools include practice and drill, oral approach, natural order of learning i.e., listening,
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speaking, reading, writing, multi-skill approach, situational approach, exposure, imitation,
selection and gradation, accuracy and purpose, correlation and so forth.
In practice and drill method, language is learnt through constant practice and drill. In oral
approach method, the child first learns to speak prior to reading and writing just like he/she
learns to speak his mother tongue. It is widely held view that a child learns to speak in his/her
mother tongue without any instructions which should be taken into consideration while teaching
English as a second language. On the other hand, multi-skill approach stresses on all the four skills.
Situational approach states that language should be taught and learnt naturally when the child is
exposed to various situations. In selection and grading approach, the language learning process is
based on the factors like difficulty level, frequency level of the students as well as teachers. In
exposure method, the child is exposed to the language and hence he/she learns the language
naturally. Language can also be learnt by means of imitation which can be made by implementing
audio-visuals in the teaching-learning process. Apart from the above, motivation, accuracy,
purpose of language learning should be decided which will allow the learners to learn the
language in the easiest way. Recently, it is understood that learners learn new language easily
when they co-relate their situations with real life. Thus, instructors use different methodologies to
teach English as a Second language in schools. This paper aims to discuss the methodologies
predominantly used in CBSE schools to teach English which is largely appreciated and successfully
implemented across the world.
CONVENTIONAL METHOD OF TEACHING ENGLISH
Generally, the teaching learning process involves sending and receiving the information. To make
the teaching-learning process easy, educational institutions have begun implementing innovative
methods to enhance the education, strengthen the governance, and empower people and so forth.
English Language Teaching has been subjected to enormous change over the course of time,
specifically in the last decade. The need for a transition in the English Language Teaching has
begun recently for the betterment of the society as well as to survive in the global market.
Sustaining in any field, especially in this 21st century, seems to be impossible without
communication (Moin et.al, 2019). Thus, communication is considered as a fundamental aspect in
the progress and development of a country and its citizens in a full-fledged manner. Some of the
existing ideologies such as unproductive methodologies, inappropriate teaching-learning,
materials, contextualized teaching, stressing on multi-language skills, and so forth have been
considered as the crucial factors which affect the existing ideologies of teaching English as a
second language.
Over the last decade, Grammar Translation method was predominantly used which exclusively
depended on black board. Using the blackboard, teachers taught communication skills to the
students (Moin et.al, 2019). Gradually, teachers began using projectors in the classrooms to make
the learning process easier. Moreover, these kind of teachers believed that practice and drill
method will help the students to learn a new language effectively. Later, emphasis was given on
contextualized discourse which was considered to be genuine, effective, as well as meaningful. To
be more precise, in a traditional classroom, teacher takes the control of entire classroom, where as
student’s pays attention to the class. In other words, teachers play an active role, while students
play a passive role in the traditional classrooms, that is, students play only a little part in the
teaching-learning process (Moin et.al, 2019).