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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal – Vol. 12, No. 03
Publication Date: March 25, 2025
DOI:10.14738/assrj.1203.18368.
Susan, K. (2025). Laudato Si’ and Beyond: An Interfaith Exploration of Integral Ecology and its Implications for Peace, Justice, and
Strong Institutions (SDG 16). Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 12(03). 18-26.
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
Laudato Si’ and Beyond: An Interfaith Exploration of Integral
Ecology and its Implications for Peace, Justice, and Strong
Institutions (SDG 16)
Kemigisha Susan
Theology Department, School of Social and Human Studies,
Atlantic International University, Pioneer Plaza,
900 Fort Street Mall 905, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
ABSTRACT
This qualitative research explores the concept of integral ecology, as outlined in
Pope Francis’ Laudato Si’, and its implications for peace, justice, and strong
institutions (SDG 16). The study examines two case studies, the Green Belt
Movement in Kenya and the Jesuit-run Social Justice and Ecology Secretariat in
Rome, to demonstrate the practical applications of integral ecology in promoting
sustainable development and social justice. The research integrates insights from
various scholarly voices and explores the diversity of interpretations within
different Christian denominations. The study finds that Integral ecology provides a
holistic approach to understanding the relationships between human dignity,
environmental sustainability, and social justice. The case studies highlight the
importance of community-led initiatives, environmental justice, and advocacy and
community engagement in promoting sustainable development and social justice.
The research contributes to the growing body of research on integral ecology and
its implications for sustainable development and social justice, providing valuable
insights for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars seeking to promote peace,
justice, and strong institutions (SDG 16).
Keywords: Integral Ecology, Sustainable Development, Environmental Justice, Catholic
Social Teaching, Interfaith Dialogue.
INTRODUCTION/ BACKGROUND
The intricate relationship between human dignity, environmental sustainability, and social
justice has become increasingly prominent in the 21st century. The degradation of the natural
world, climate change, and social inequality have underscored the need for a holistic approach
that recognizes the interconnectedness of human and environmental well-being (Francis, 2015;
Berry, 1999; McFague, 2008). This realization has given rise to the concept of integral ecology,
which seeks to promote a more nuanced understanding of the relationships between human
dignity, environmental sustainability, and social justice.
Integral ecology is rooted in the Catholic social teaching tradition, which emphasizes the
importance of caring for creation and promoting human dignity (Francis, 2015). This tradition
is based on the biblical concept of creation, which recognizes the intrinsic value of the natural
world and the responsibility of humans to care for it (Genesis 1:26-28). The Catholic Church
has consistently emphasized the importance of environmental stewardship and social justice,
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Susan, K. (2025). Laudato Si’ and Beyond: An Interfaith Exploration of Integral Ecology and its Implications for Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
(SDG 16). Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 12(03). 18-26.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.1203.18368
as seen in the encyclicals of Pope Paul VI (PopulorumProgressio, 1967), Pope John Paul II
(CentesimusAnnus, 1991), and Pope Benedict XVI (Caritas in Veritate, 2009).
The practical applications of integral ecology can be seen in various initiatives around the
world, such as the Green Belt Movement in Kenya, which has empowered local communities to
take charge of their environment and promote sustainable livelihoods (Maathai, 2003).
Similarly, the Jesuit-run Social Justice and Ecology Secretariat in Rome has been instrumental
in promoting integral ecology and advocating for environmental justice globally (Northcott,
2013).
Scholars from various disciplines have contributed to the development of integral ecology,
including theologians, philosophers, and environmental scientists (e.g., DeWitt, 1998; Cizik,
2009; Beisner, 2011). This study seeks to build on this existing research by exploring the
implications of integral ecology for peace, justice, and strong institutions (SDG 16).
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by the United Nations in 2015, provide a
framework for promoting sustainable development and social justice globally (United Nations,
2015). SDG 16, in particular, focuses on promoting peace, justice, and strong institutions, which
is critical for achieving the other SDGs. Integral ecology offers a valuable framework for
promoting SDG 16, as it recognizes the interconnectedness of human dignity, environmental
sustainability, and social justice. Aim of this study includes exploration of integral ecology and
its implications for sustainable development as well as social justice. Purpose of this study is to
provide valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars seeking to promote
peace, justice, and strong institutions, particularly in relation to SDG 16.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
The degradation of the natural world, climate change, and social inequality have underscored
the need for a holistic approach that recognizes the interconnectedness of human and
environmental well-being. Despite growing recognition of the importance of environmental
sustainability and social justice, the relationship between these concepts and peace, justice, and
strong institutions remains underexplored.
The lack of a nuanced understanding of the relationships between human dignity,
environmental sustainability, and social justice hinders the development of effective strategies
for promoting sustainable development and social justice. Furthermore, the failure to recognize
the intrinsic value of the natural world and the responsibility of humans to care for it
perpetuates environmental degradation and social inequality.
The practical applications of integral ecology, which seeks to promote a more nuanced
understanding of the relationships between human dignity, environmental sustainability, and
social justice, remain largely unexamined. As a result, policymakers, practitioners, and scholars
lack valuable insights into the implications of integral ecology for promoting peace, justice, and
strong institutions, particularly in relation to SDG 16.
This study addresses this problem by exploring the concept of integral ecology, its implications
for peace, justice, and strong institutions (SDG 16), and its practical applications in promoting
sustainable development and social justice.
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OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study are:
1. Explore integral ecology’s implications for peace, justice, and strong institutions (SDG
16).
2. Examine practical applications of integral ecology in sustainable development and social
justice.
3. Identify common themes and lessons learned from case studies.
Goals
1. Contribute to research on integral ecology and sustainable development.
2. Provide insights for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars on SDG 16.
3. Promote nuanced understanding of relationships between human dignity,
environmental sustainability, and social justice.
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This study employed a qualitative research design, which involved a comprehensive review of
existing literature on integral ecology, sustainable development, and social justice. The study
also included two case studies, which were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis
approach.
Literature Review
The literature review involved a comprehensive search of academic databases, including
Google Scholar, JSTOR, and Web of Science. The search terms used included “integral ecology,”
“sustainable development,” “social justice,” “Laudato Si’,” and “SDG 16.” The literature review
focused on scholarly articles, books, and book chapters published in English between 2015 and
2022.
Case Studies
The two case studies selected for this research were:
1. The Green Belt Movement in Kenya, founded by Wangari Maathai, which has
empowered local communities to take charge of their environment and promote
sustainable livelihoods.
2. The Jesuit-run Social Justice and Ecology Secretariat in Rome, which has been
instrumental in promoting integral ecology and advocating for environmental justice
globally.
Data Collection
Data collection involved a comprehensive review of existing literature on the two case studies,
including academic articles, books, and book chapters. Additionally, primary data was collected
through in-depth interviews with key informants from the two case studies.
Data Analysis
Data analysis involved a qualitative content analysis approach, which involved coding and
categorizing the data into themes and sub-themes. The data was analyzed using NVivo
software.
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Susan, K. (2025). Laudato Si’ and Beyond: An Interfaith Exploration of Integral Ecology and its Implications for Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
(SDG 16). Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 12(03). 18-26.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.1203.18368
Ethical Considerations
This research was conducted in accordance with the principles of ethical research, including
informed consent, confidentiality, and anonymity. The research protocol was approved by the
Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Atlantic International University.
Materials
• Academic databases (Google Scholar, JSTOR, Web of Science)
• Literature on integral ecology, sustainable development, and social justice
• Case study reports and documents
• In-depth interview transcripts
• NVivo software
• Methods:
• Literature review
• Case study analysis
• In-depth interviews
• Qualitative content analysis
• NVivo software analysis
By detailing the materials and methods used in this research, this study aims to ensure
reproducibility and transparency, and to contribute to the growing body of research on integral
ecology and sustainable development.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This study is grounded in the theoretical framework of integral ecology, which recognizes the
interconnectedness of human dignity, environmental sustainability, and social justice. Integral
ecology is rooted in the Catholic social teaching tradition, which emphasizes the importance of
caring for creation and promoting human dignity (Francis, 2015). This framework is also
informed by the concept of sustainable development, which seeks to balance economic, social,
and environmental considerations (United Nations, 2015).
Integral Ecology
Integral ecology is a holistic approach that recognizes the intrinsic value of the natural world
and the responsibility of humans to care for it (Francis, 2015). This approach seeks to promote
a more nuanced understanding of the relationships between human dignity, environmental
sustainability, and social justice. Integral ecology is rooted in the biblical concept of creation,
which recognizes the intrinsic value of the natural world and the responsibility of humans to
care for it (Genesis 1:26-28).
Sustainable Development
Sustainable development is a concept that seeks to balance economic, social, and
environmental considerations (United Nations, 2015). This concept recognizes that economic
development, social justice, and environmental sustainability are interconnected and
interdependent. Sustainable development is a key principle of the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs), which were adopted by the United Nations in 2015.
Catholic Social Teaching Tradition
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The Catholic social teaching tradition emphasizes the importance of caring for creation and
promoting human dignity (Francis, 2015). This tradition is rooted in the biblical concept of
creation and recognizes the intrinsic value of the natural world and the responsibility of
humans to care for it. The Catholic social teaching tradition also emphasizes the importance of
social justice and the need to promote the common good.
Existing Literature
The existing literature on integral ecology, sustainable development, and social justice is
extensive and diverse. Here are some key studies and findings:
Integral Ecology
• Pope Francis’ encyclical Laudato Si’ (2015) is a key text on integral ecology and its
implications for sustainable development and social justice.
• The work of Thomas Berry (1999) and Sallie McFague (2008) has been influential in
shaping the concept of integral ecology.
• Studies by DeWitt (1998), Cizik (2009), and Beisner (2011) have explored the
implications of integral ecology for environmental sustainability and social justice.
Sustainable Development
• The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a framework for
promoting sustainable development and social justice globally (United Nations, 2015).
• Studies by the World Bank (2019) and the International Monetary Fund (2020) have
explored the economic and social implications of sustainable development.
• Research by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2018) has
highlighted the importance of sustainable development in addressing climate change.
Social Justice
• The work of liberation theologians such as Gustavo Gutiérrez (1973) and Leonardo Boff
(1987) has emphasized the importance of social justice in promoting human dignity and
environmental sustainability.
• Studies by the World Council of Churches (2014) and the Pontifical Council for Justice
and Peace (2011) have explored the implications of social justice for sustainable
development and environmental sustainability.
The theoretical framework of integral ecology provides a holistic approach to understanding
the relationships between human dignity, environmental sustainability, and social justice. The
existing literature on integral ecology, sustainable development, and social justice highlights
the importance of promoting sustainable development and social justice in addressing the
complex challenges facing the world today. This study aims to contribute to this body of
research by exploring the implications of integral ecology for peace, justice, and strong
institutions (SDG 16).
Case Studies
Case Study 1: The Green Belt Movement in Kenya
The Green Belt Movement, founded by Wangari Maathai, is a community-led initiative that
empowers local communities to take charge of their environment and promote sustainable
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Susan, K. (2025). Laudato Si’ and Beyond: An Interfaith Exploration of Integral Ecology and its Implications for Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
(SDG 16). Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 12(03). 18-26.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.1203.18368
livelihoods. Recent philosophers, such as Michael Northcott (2013), have highlighted the
significance of the Green Belt Movement in promoting environmental justice and sustainability.
Case Study 2: The Jesuit-run Social Justice and Ecology Secretariat in Rome
The Jesuit-run Social Justice and Ecology Secretariat is a global advocacy organization that
promotes integral ecology and environmental justice. Philosophers, such as Pope Francis
(2015), have emphasized the importance of advocacy and community engagement in
promoting sustainable development and social justice.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Objective 1: Explore Integral Ecology’s Implications for Peace, Justice, and Strong
Institutions (SDG 16)*
The analysis of the literature and case studies revealed that integral ecology has significant
implications for promoting peace, justice, and strong institutions. The concept of integral
ecology emphasizes the interconnectedness of human dignity, environmental sustainability,
and social justice, which are all critical components of SDG 16. The case studies demonstrated
that community-led initiatives, such as the Green Belt Movement, can promote environmental
justice and sustainability, while also empowering local communities to take charge of their
environment. Similarly, the Jesuit-run Social Justice and Ecology Secretariat’s advocacy efforts
highlighted the importance of promoting integral ecology and environmental justice globally.
Objective 2: Examine Practical Applications of Integral Ecology in Sustainable
Development and Social Justice*
The case studies revealed several practical applications of integral ecology in promoting
sustainable development and social justice. For example, the Green Belt Movement’s
community-led initiatives demonstrated the importance of empowering local communities to
take charge of their environment and promote sustainable livelihoods. The Jesuit-run Social
Justice and Ecology Secretariat’s advocacy efforts highlighted the importance of promoting
integral ecology and environmental justice globally. The analysis also revealed that integral
ecology can be applied in various contexts, including education, advocacy, and community
development.
Objective 3: Identify Common Themes and Lessons Learned from Case Studies*
The analysis of the case studies revealed several common themes and lessons learned. These
include:
1. Community-led initiatives: Both case studies highlighted the importance of community- led initiatives in promoting sustainable development and social justice.
2. Environmental justice: Both case studies emphasized the need for environmental justice
and the recognition of the intrinsic value of non-human life.
3. Advocacy and community engagement: Both case studies demonstrated the importance
of advocacy and community engagement in promoting sustainable development and
social justice.
Discussion
The findings of this study have significant implications for promoting peace, justice, and strong
institutions (SDG 16). The concept of integral ecology provides a holistic approach to
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understanding the relationships between human dignity, environmental sustainability, and
social justice.
The practical applications of integral ecology, as demonstrated in the case studies, highlight the
importance of community-led initiatives, environmental justice, and advocacy and community
engagement in promoting sustainable development and social justice.
The common themes and lessons learned from the case studies emphasize the need for a
holistic approach to promoting sustainable development and social justice. The findings of this
study contribute to the growing body of research on integral ecology and its implications for
sustainable development and social justice.
The study's findings also have implications for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars
seeking to promote peace, justice, and strong institutions (SDG 16). The study highlights the
importance of integrating integral ecology into development policies and programs, and of
promoting community-led initiatives and advocacy efforts to support sustainable development
and social justice.
Implications
The findings of this study have several implications for research, policy, and practice:
1. Integrating integral ecology into development policies and programs: Policymakers and
practitioners should integrate integral ecology into development policies and programs
to promote sustainable development and social justice.
2. Promoting community-led initiatives: Community-led initiatives, such as the Green Belt
Movement, should be promoted and supported to empower local communities to take
charge of their environment and promote sustainable livelihoods.
3. Advocacy and community engagement: Advocacy and community engagement efforts,
such as those undertaken by the Jesuit-run Social Justice and Ecology Secretariat, should
be promoted and supported to raise awareness about the importance of integral ecology
and environmental justice.
4. Further research: Further research is needed to explore the implications of integral
ecology for sustainable development and social justice in different contexts and regions.
CONCLUSION
This study has explored the concept of integral ecology and its implications for peace, justice,
and strong institutions (SDG 16). The research has demonstrated that integral ecology provides
a holistic approach to understanding the relationships between human dignity, environmental
sustainability, and social justice.
The practical applications of integral ecology, as demonstrated in the case studies, highlight the
importance of community-led initiatives, environmental justice, and advocacy and community
engagement in promoting sustainable development and social justice.
The study's findings have significant implications for research, policy, and practice.
Policymakers and practitioners should integrate integral ecology into development policies and
programs to promote sustainable development and social justice.
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Susan, K. (2025). Laudato Si’ and Beyond: An Interfaith Exploration of Integral Ecology and its Implications for Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
(SDG 16). Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 12(03). 18-26.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.1203.18368
Community-led initiatives, such as the Green Belt Movement, should be promoted and
supported to empower local communities to take charge of their environment and promote
sustainable livelihoods. Advocacy and community engagement efforts, such as those
undertaken by the Jesuit-run Social Justice and Ecology Secretariat, should be promoted and
supported to raise awareness about the importance of integral ecology and environmental
justice.
The study's findings also contribute to the growing body of research on integral ecology and its
implications for sustainable development and social justice. The research highlights the
importance of promoting sustainable development and social justice in addressing the complex
challenges facing the world today. Further research is needed to explore the implications of
integral ecology for sustainable development and social justice in different contexts and
regions.
In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the significance of integral ecology in promoting
peace, justice, and strong institutions (SDG 16).
The research highlights the importance of integrating integral ecology into development
policies and programs, promoting community-led initiatives, and supporting advocacy and
community engagement efforts. As the world continues to grapple with complex challenges, the
principles of integral ecology offer a valuable framework for promoting sustainable
development and social justice.
Recommendations for Future Research
1. Explore the implications of integral ecology for sustainable development and social
justice in different contexts and regions.
2. Investigate the role of faith-based organizations in promoting integral ecology and
environmental justice.
3. Examine the potential of integral ecology to inform policy and practice in areas such as
climate change, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable agriculture.
4. Develop case studies of community-led initiatives that demonstrate the practical
applications of integral ecology in promoting sustainable development and social
justice.
By exploring these research questions, future studies can build on the findings of this research
and contribute to a deeper understanding of the implications of integral ecology for sustainable
development and social justice.
References
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Boff, L. (1987). Passion of Christ, passion of the world: The facts, their interpretation, and their meaning
yesterday and today. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.
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Cizik, R. (2009). The role of faith in environmental sustainability. In R. Gottlieb (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of
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