Assessment of Ionizing Radiation Dose and Risk Levels associated with Radioactivity in Oraifite, Nigeria.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/aivp.86.9119Keywords:
Spectrometry, Radiation Dose, Assessment, Health risk, Activity concentrationAbstract
Radioactivity has been natural occurrence in human environment and its adverse effects are highly undesirable. This study assessed radiation risk levels associated with radioactivity in Oraifite using gamma ray (Ɣ-ray) spectrometry and radiation survey meter. The mean value of background ionizing radiation (BIR) exposure rate ranged from 0.011 to 0.014mRh-1. The mean activities of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K ranged from 23.54±4.89 to 41.03±4.28 BqKg-1, 9.69±1.88 to 11.34±1.86 BqKg-1, 419.22±3.41 to 737.91±4.78 BqKg-1 respectively. Mean values of radium equivalent (Raeq), absorbed dose (D), Igamma (IƔ), internal hazard index (Hin), external hazard index (Hex) and annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), were 60.05Bqkg-1, 55.75nGh-1, 0.86, 0.41, 0.30 and 0.07mSvy-1 respectively. Excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) which is estimation of the probability of cancer incidence in a population of individuals for a specific lifetime had a mean value of 0.25x10-3 and this is lower than the world permissible limit of 0.29x10-3. The average dose to human organs/tissues; lungs, ovaries, bone marrow, testes, kidney, liver and whole body were 0.033, 0.028, 0.033, 0.040, 0.028, 0.023, and 0.033 mSvy-1 respectively, meaning that all the computed organ dose were far much lower than the maximum allowable standard value of 1.0 mSvy-1. Virtually all hazard indices were below the ICRP recommended values and in general the residents of Oraifite are not under ionizing radiation threat.
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(2) Jankovic, M., Todorovic, D., Savanovic, M., (2008). Radioactivity measurements in soil
samples collected in the Republic of Srpska, Radiation Measurements, 43, 1448−1452.
(3) UNSCEAR, (2000). Sources and effects of ionizing radiation, Report of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation to the General Assembly, United Nations, New York, USA.
(4) Global System for Mobile Communication Association (2020). GSMA Hand book, 3-5.
(5) Kostoff, R.N, Heroux, P, Aschner M., Tsatsakis, A. (2020). Adverse health effect of 5 G mobile networking technology under real-life conditions. Elsevier (ScienceDirect). Toxicology Letters (323) 35-40
(6) UNSCEAR, (2008). Natural radiation sources. ANNEX B, 84-86
(7) Apriantoro, N.H., Ramli, A.T., Sutisna, S. (2013). Activity concentration of 238U, 232Th and 40K based on soil types in Perak state Malaysia. Earth Sc. Research
Vol 2 (2) 122-127
(8) Anekwe and Avwiri (2016). Determination of Radiological Health Hazard Indices in Selected Crude Oil Spilled Environment in Rivers State,Nigeria. American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, Science Huβ, 7(3) 50-59
(9) Ugbede, F.O. (2018). Measurement of Background Ionizing Radiation at farm in Ishielu. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management Vol 22 (9) 1427-1432
(10) Toossi, B.M. and Abdolrahimi, M.R. (2007). First report of environmental gamma radiation levels in twenty four towns and cities of Khorasan region-Iran. The fourth ITRS International Symposium on Radiation Safety and Detection Technology, ISORD-4.
(11) Xinwei, L. and Xiaola, Z. (2006). Natural radioactivity in sand sample collected from the Baoji Weihe sands Park, China. Environmental Geology (50) 977-982.
(12) Yalcin, S. and Gurler, O. (2007). The radioactivity measurements in soil, coal and water in south Marmara region of Turkey, Radiation Measurements, 42, 281−285.
(13) Onu, F.K. (2017). The Southern Benue trough and Anambra Basin, Southeastern Nigeria: A Stratigraphic Review. Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International 12(2): 1-16
(14) Lamber, J., and Aikhionbare, D.O., (1992). Petroleum source, bed evaluation of tertiary Niger Delta discussion. American Association Petroleum Geologists, Bull. 68:387-359.
(15) Whiteman, A. (1982). Nigeria, its petroleum geology resources and potential London. Graham and Trotman, 394.
(16) Nwilo, P.C. and Badejo, O. T. (2001). Impact of Oil Spill along the Nigeria Coast. The Association for Environmental Health and Sciences.
(17) Avwiri, G.O., Enyinna, P.I., Agbalagba, O.E., (2007). Terrestrial radiation around oil and gas facilities in Ughelli, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences, 7 (11) 1543 – 1546.
(18) National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). (1993). Limitation of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: NCRP Report No. 116.
(19) Nwankwo, L.I., Adeoti, D.F., Folarin, A.J. (2014). Ionizing radiation measurement and essay of corresponding dose rate around bottling and pharmaceutical facility in Ilorin, Nigeria. Journal of Science and technology Vol 34 (2) 84-92.
(20) Gbadebo, A.M. (2011). Natural Radionuclides Distribution in the Granite Rocks and soils of Abandoned quarry Sites, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Applied Sciences. 4(2) 176-185
(21) International Atomic Energy Agency, (2007). Identification of radioactive sources and devices, IAEA Nuclear Security Series No.5, Technical Guidance Reference Manual, STI/PUB/1278, VIENNA.
(22) Senthilkumar, B., Dhavamani, V., Ramkuma, S. and Philominathan, P. (2010). Measurement of gamma radiation levels in soil samples from Thanjavur, using γ- ray spectrometry and estimation of population exposure. Journal of Medical Physics, 35: 48- 53.
(23) Diab, H.M., Nouh, S.A., Hamdy, A., and El-Fiki, S.A., (2008). Evaluation of natural radioactivity in a cultivated area around a fertilizer factory. Journal of Nuclear and Radiation Physics, 3(1) 53-62
(24) Zarie, K.A. and Al Mugren, K.S. (2010). Measurement of natural radioactivity and assessment of radiation hazard in soil samples from Tayma area (KSA).
Isotope and Radiation Research, 42(1): 1- 9.
(25) Ashraf, E.M.K, Layia, H.A., Amany, A.A., and Al-Omran, A.M., (2010). NORM in clay deposits. Proceedings of Third European IRPA Congress, Helsinki, Finland, 14- 18, 1-9.
(26) Alam, M.N., Chowdhury, M.I., Kamal, M., Ghose, S., and Ismal, M.N., (1999). The 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activities in beach sand minerals and Beach soil of Cox’s Bazer. Bangladesh Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 46(2):243- 250.
(27) Jibiri, N.N. (2001). Assessment of health risk levels associated with terrestrial gamma radiation dose rate in Nigeria. Journal of Environment International 27(1) 21-26
(28) National Population Commission Report, 2019. Life Expectancy in Nigeria,
https://www.premiumtimesng.com/new/headlines/323548, retrieved 2019.
(29) ICRP, (2003). Publication 115: Lung cancer risk from radon and progeny and statement on radon
(30) Laogun, A.A., Ajayi, N.O. and Agaja, S.A., (2006). Variation in wellhead gamma radiation levels at the Nigeria Petroleum development company oil field, Ologbo Ede State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Physics, 18(1):135-140.
(31) Osimobi, J.C., Avwiri, G.O., Agbalagba, E.O. J. C. Osimobi (2018). Radiometric and Radiogenic Heat Evaluation of Natural Radioactivity in Soil Around Solid Minerals Mining Environment in South-Eastern Nigeria. Environmental Processes 5:859–877.
(32) Ononugbo, C.P. and Komolafe, E. (2016). Radiation Dosimetry of some selected Industrial sites at Onne oil and gas free trade zone, Nigera. Journal of Environmental Science, Computer Science and Engineering Technology. 4(1) 2-9
(33) Orgun Y, Altinsoy N, Sahin SY, Gungor Y, Gultekin AH, Karaham G, Karacik Z (2007). Natural and anthropogenic radionuclide in rocks and beach sands from Ezine region, Western Anatolia, Turkey. Applied Radiation Isotopes 65:739–747
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Published
2020-11-10
How to Cite
Anekwe, U. (2020). Assessment of Ionizing Radiation Dose and Risk Levels associated with Radioactivity in Oraifite, Nigeria. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 8(6), 12–26. https://doi.org/10.14738/aivp.86.9119
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