Jamu brand Indonesia: consumer preferences and segmentation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.53.2841Keywords:
Jamu, herbal medicine, consumer preference, segmentation, marketing strategyAbstract
Indonesia is one of the countries that develop traditional herbal medicine, which is called Jamu. However, Jamu is consumed by the poor. Meanwhile, the rich prefer to use modern health treatment. In addition, there is no sufficient confident of people to consume Jamu as their main medical treatment. Hence, identification of potential consumer of Jamu from demographic characteristics and exploration of consumer preferences of Jamu according to the market segments in Indonesia is important for herbal medicine industry to develop a consumer-based marketing strategy. Cramer’s V-test statistical test was used for the analysis of 183 data survey. The findings are consumers of Jamu assumed that Jamu is cheap, easy to obtain, have no side effects, natural, and safe to be consumed. But, they considered herbs as an alternative medicine or therapy, and even as the last resort. Jamu is potential to be developed by product and pricing differentiation, and packaged as a product that emphasizes value with halal certification. In addition, the classification of Jamu as Phytopharmacy has not affected consumer purchasing decisions as it has not been included in the health care system. For middle up segments, Jamu needs a strong brand using English language and required medical professionals as an advisor.References
Amirullah. (2014). Ny Meneer Buat Minyak Telon di Malaysia dan Vietnam (Ny Meneer makes Telon Oil in Malaysia and Vietnam). Tempo.co. Jakarta. Retrieved from https://m.tempo.co/read/news/2014/11/17/090622566/ny-meneer-buat-minyak-telon-di-malaysia-dan-vietnam
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan. Ketentuan Pokok Pengelompokan dan Penandaan Obat Bahan Alam Indonesia (Classification and Marking of Indonesian Natural Drugs), Pub. L. No. HK.00.05.4.2411 (2004). Indonesia. http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Balittro. Rencana Strategis Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat 2012 - 2014 (Strategic Plan of Spices and Medicinal Plants Research Institute) (2012).
Bettman, J. R. (1999). Measuring Constructed Preferences: Towards a Building Code. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 1(3), 243–270.
Bettman, J. R., Luce, M. F., & Payne, J. W. (2006). Constructive Consumer Choice Processes. In S. Lichtenstein & P. Slovic (Eds.), The Construction of Preference (pp. 323–341). New York, United States of America: Cambridge University Press.
Collis, J., & Hussey, R. (2009). Business research: A practical guide for undergraduate&postgraduate students (3rd ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2013). Business Research Methods (12th ed.). Singapore: McGraw-Hill International.
Crozier, R., & Ranyard, R. (1997). Cognitive process models and explanations of decision making. In R. Ranyard, W. R. Crozier, & O. Svenson (Eds.), Decision making: Cognitive models and Explanations (pp. 20–35). London, New York: Routledge.
Dean, A., & McGuire, T. (2005). Herbal therapies and substance use. Drugs and Alcohol Today, 5(2), 37–39. http://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17459265200500028
El-bassiouny, N. (2014). The one-billion-plus marginalization : Toward a scholarly understanding of Islamic consumers. Journal of Business Research, 67(2), 42–49. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.03.010
Elfahmi, Woerdenbag, H. J., & Kayser, O. (2014). Jamu: Indonesian traditional herbal medicine towards rational phytopharmacological use. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 4(2), 51–73. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2014.01.002
Fink, A. (1995). How to sample in surveys (6th ed.). Thousand Oak, London, New Delhi: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Hill, G., & Howell, R. T. (2014). Moderators and mediators of pro-social spending and well-being: The influence of values and psychological need satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 69–74. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.05.013
INFARKES. (2013). Pendampingan bagi Pelaku Usaha Jamu Racikan & Usaha Jamu Gendong (Business Assistanship for Jamu). Bulletin, V, 3–6. http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Kodyat, B., Kosen, S., & De Pee, S. (1998). Iron deficiency in Indonesia: Current situation and intervention. Nutrition Research, 18(12), 1953–1963. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(98)00165-1
Kulas, J. T., & Stachowski, A. A. (2009). Middle category endorsement in odd-numbered Likert response scales: Associated item characteristics, cognitive demands, and preferred meanings. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(3), 489–493. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.005
Kurniawan, N. F. (2015). Pengaruh Fenomena Iklan Televisi (TVC) Ekstrak Kulit Manggis Mastin Terhadap Persepsi dan Preferensi Khalayak (The Influence of Mastin Skin Mangosteen Television Advertising to Audience Perceptions and Preferences). ISI Yogyakarta.
Limyati, D. A., & Juniar, B. L. L. (1998). Jamu Gendong, a kind of traditional medicine in Indonesia: The microbial contamination of its raw materials and endproduct. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 63(3), 201–208. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00082-8
Little, C. V. (2009). Simply because it works better: Exploring motives for the use of medical herbalism in contemporary U.K. health care. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 17(5–6), 300–308. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2009.08.001
Maruf, I. R. (2007). The Protection of Indonesian Indigenous Heritage in The International Conventions and Their Implication Toward Indonesian Law: A Background of Study.
McGorry, S. Y. (2000). Measurement in a Cross-Cultural Environment: Survey Translation Issues. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 3(2), 74–81. http://doi.org/10.1108/13522750010322070
Moss, J. (2006). Personal Preference Indicators. Oklahoma: Center for Learning and Leadership. UCEDD.
Muslimin, L., Wicaksena, B., Setiyawan, B., Subekti, N. A., Sukesi, H., Surachman, H., … Khaidir. (2009). Kajian potensi pengembangan pasar jamu (Potential Market Study of Jamu). Retrieved from www.kemendag.go.id/files/pdf/2014/01/06/Kajian-Jamu.pdf
Nissen, N., & Evans, S. (2012). Exploring the practice and use of Western herbal medicine: Perspectives from the social science literature. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2(1), 6–15. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2012.02.001
Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS survival manual : a step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows (version 10).
Pos Sore. (2015). Kita Harus Bangga Minum Jamu (We must Proud Drinking Jamu). Jakarta. Retrieved from http://possore.com/2015/01/09/kita-harus-bangga-minum-jamu/
Prima Wirayani. (2015). Sido Muncul to double its export revenues. The Jakarta Post. Retrieved from http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/11/12/sido-muncul-double-its-export-revenues.html
Purwaningsih, E. H. (2013). Jamu , Obat Tradisional Asli Indonesia: Pasang Surut Pemanfaatannya di Indonesia. eJKI, 1(2), 85–89.
Shrivastava, S. R. B., Shrivastava, P. S., & Ramasamy, J. (2015). Mainstreaming of Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and homeopathy with the health care delivery system in India. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 5(2), 116–118. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.002
Stevensen, C. (1999). JAMU: an Indonesian herbal tradition with a long past, a little known present and an uncertain future. Complementary Therapies in Nursing & Midwifery, 5(1), 1–3. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-6117(99)80062-6
Suprana, J. (2014). Pakai Jamu, Jangan Obat Herbal (Consume Jamu, not Herbal Medicine). Suara Merdeka. Semarang. Retrieved from http://berita.suaramerdeka.com/smcetak/pakai-jamu-jangan-obat-herbal/
Trinetta, V. (2016). Definition and Function of Food Packaging. Reference Module in Food Science, 1–2. http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100596-5.03319-9
Tuschinsky, C. (1995). Balancing Hot and Cold - Balancing Power and Weakness: Social and Cultural Aspects of Malay Jamu in Singapore. Social Science Medicine, 41(11), 1587–1595.
Yusuf, E., & Yajid, M. S. A. (2015). Halal pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals from the perspective of higher education. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11, 18–19. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2015.10.013
Zhang, J., Wider, B., Shang, H., Li, X., & Ernst, E. (2012). Quality of herbal medicines: Challenges and solutions. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 20(1–2), 100–106. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2011.09.004