Routing Protocols under different Mobility Models, Node Density and Speed
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/tnc.31.888Keywords:
MANET, DSR, LAR, OLSR, ZRP, Random Waypoint mobility model, Gauss Markov model, Manhattan Grid model, RPGM, End to end delay, Throughput, Packet lossAbstract
Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is self-organized and decentralized network. Due to these properties, they are usable in the field of disaster management, war scenarios, vehicular network etc. To send packets from source to destination, route(s) are required; to achieve this task routing protocols are designed. Routing protocols for MANET have been grouped into four types on the basis of single channel classification. These are Proactive, Reactive, Hybrid and Location-based/ Geographic. The performance of these protocols depends on various factors including mobility pattern/model, speed of node, density of node, area, transmission range etc. In this paper the factors taken into account are mobility models, speed of node and density of node. The performance metrics includes throughput, end to end delay and packet loss. The protocols simulated are DSR, LAR, OLSR and ZRP, choosing one from each group discussed above. The mobility models employed in this study are Random Way Point, Gauss Markov, Reference Point Group Mobility and Manhattan Grid.
From the results it is evident that with the change in mobility pattern, speed and density of the nodes the performance varies. Furthermore it has been observed that location based routing protocols (LAR) and OLSR shows good performance with these variations.
References
D. Johnson, Y. Hu, D. Maltz, “The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSR) for mobile Ad Hoc Networks for IPV4”, rfc4728.
Young-Bae Ko, Nitin H. Vaidya, “Location-Aided Routing (LAR) in mobile ad hoc networks”, Wireless Networks, Volume 6, Issue 4, pp 307-321.
T. Clausen, P. Jacquet, “Optimized Link State Protocol (OLSR)”, rfc3626.
Zygmunt J. Haas, Marc R. Pearlman, Prince Samar, “The Zone Routing Protocol for Adhoc networks”, draft-ietf-manet-zone-zrp-04.txt, july2002
J. Broch, D. A. Maltz, D. B. Johnson, Y.C. Hu, and J. Jetcheva, “A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols”, in Proceedings of the Fourth Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking(Mobicom98), ACM, October 1998.
B. Liang, Z. J. Haas, “Predictive Distance-Based Mobility Management for PCS Networks”, in Proceedings of IEEE Information Communications Conference (INFOCOM 1999), Apr. 1999.
X. Hong, M. Gerla, G. Pei, and C.C. Chiang, “A group mobility model for ad hoc wireless networks”, in Proceedings of ACM International Workshop on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems (MSWiM), August 1999.
F. Bai, N. Sadagopan, and A. Helmy, “Important: a framework to systematically analyze the impact of mobility on performance of routing protocols for ad hoc networks”, in Proceedings of IEEE Information Communications Conference (INFOCOM 2003), San Francisco, Apr. 2003.
10. Samir R. Das, Robert Castaneda, Jiangtao Yan, and Rimli Sengupta, “Comparative Performance Evaluation of Routing protocols for Mobile, Ad hoc Networks”, in Proceedings of Seventh international Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (IC3N), Lafayette, LA, October 1998, pp. 153-161.
Samir R. Das, Robert Castaneda, and Jiangtao Yan, “Simulation-based performance evaluation of routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks”, Journal of Mobile Networks and Applications, Volume 5, pp. 179–189, 2000.
Josh Broch, David A. Maltz, David B. Johnson, Yih-Chun Hu, and Jorjeta Jetcheva, “A Performance Comparison of Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols”, in Proceedings of the Fourth Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom’98), October 25–30, 1998, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Xiaoyan Hong, Mario Gerla, Guangyu Pei, Ching-Chuan Chiang, “A group mobility model for ad hoc wireless networks”, in Proceeding of the 2nd ACM international workshop on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems, MSWiM '99, ACM New York, NY, USA, pp. 53-60.
Sung-Ju Lee, W. Su, J. Hsu, M. Gerla, R. Bagrodia, “A performance comparison study of ad hoc wireless multicast protocols” in proceedings of Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, INFOCOM 2000, pp. 565-574.
Asis Nasipuri, Robert Castaneda, Samir R. Das, “Performance of Multipath Routing for On-Demand Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”, Journal of Mobile Networks and Applications, Volume 6, pp. 339–349, 2001,Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Thomas Clausen, Philippe Jacquet, and Laurent Viennot, “Comparative study of CBR and TCP performance of MANET routing protocols”, in Workshop on Broadband Access, INRIA Lab, France, Sep. 2002.
C. L. Barrett, M. Drozda, and M.V. Marathe, “A comparative experimental study of media access protocols for wireless radio networks”, Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 2002), 17-21 Mar 2002, pp. 405 – 411.
Bor-rong Chen and C. Hwa Chang, “Mobility Impact on Energy Conservation of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols”, SSGRR 2003, Italy, Jul. 28-Aug. 2, 2003.
Thomas Kunz, “Reliable Multicasting in MANETs”, Contract Report, DRDC-Ottawa, July 2003.
C. Gomez, X. Marchador, V. Gonzalez, and J. Paradells, “Multilayer analysis of the influence of mobility models on TCP flows in AODV ad-hoc networks”, in Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Workshop on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LANMAN), 2005, 18 Sept. 2005, pp 1-6.
Hsien-Chou Liao, Yi-Wei Ting, Chia-Meng Chen, and Chou-Chen Yang, “A Performance Comparison of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols Based on Ant Mobility Model”, Information Technology Journal, Vol. 4, No. 3, 2005, pp. 278-283.
Emre Atsan, Oznur Ozkasap, “A Classification and Performance Comparison of Mobility Models for Ad Hoc Networks”, Ad-Hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Volume 4104, 2006, pp 444-457.
Stefano Marinoni, Hannu H. Kari, “Ad hoc routing protocol’s performance: a realistic simulation based study”, Telecommunication Systems, December 2006, Volume 33, Issue 1-3, pp 269-289.
Asad Amir Pirzada, Marius Portmannt, and Jadwiga Indulska, “Performance Comparison of Multi-Path AODV and DSR Protocols in Hybrid Mesh Networks”, in Proceedings of 14th IEEE International Conference on Networks (ICON), Sept. 2006, pp. 1-6.
Geetha Jayakumar, and G. Gopinath, “Performance Comparison of Two On-demand Routing Protocols for Ad-hoc Networks based on Random Way Point Mobility Model”, American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 6,2008, pp. 659-664.
Geetha Jayakumar, and G. Gopinath, “Performance comparison of MANET protocols based on Manhattan Grid Mobility Model”, Journal of Mobile Communication, Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2008, pp. 18-26.
N.Karthikeyan, V. Palanisamy, and K. Duraiswamy, “Performance Comparison of Broadcasting methods in Mobile Ad Hoc Network”, International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking, Vol. 2, No. 2, June 2009, pp. 47-58.
Asma Tuteja, Rajneesh Gujral, and Sunil Thalia, “Comparative Performance Analysis of DSDV, AODV and DSR Routing Protocols in MANET using NS2”, in Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Computer Engineering (ACE), 20-21 June 2010, pp. 330 – 333.
Sumon Kumar Debnath, Foez Ahmed, and Nayeema Islam, “Performance Evaluation of Unicast and Broadcast Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Routing Protocols”, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS), Vol. 7, No. 1, 2010, pp. 40-46.
Sabina Barakovi, Jasmina Barakovi, “Comparative Performance Evaluation of Mobile Ad Hoc Routing Protocols”, MIPRO 2010, May 24-28, 2010, Opatija, Croatia, 518-523.
S. Mohapatra, P. Kanungo, “Comparative Performance Analysis of MANET Routing Protocols Using NS2 Simulator”, Computational Intelligence and Information Technology, Communications in Computer and Information Science, Volume 250, 2011, pp 731-736.
Dinesh Singh, Ashish K. Maurya, Anil K. Sarje, “Comparative Performance Analysis of LANMAR, LAR1, DYMO and ZRP Routing Protocols in MANET using Random Waypoint Mobility Model”, in proceedings of 3rd International conference on Electronics Computer Technology (ICECT), 8-10 April 2011, pp. 62-66.
Imad I. Saada, Raed Zaghal, “MANET Routing Protocols: Comparative Study”, Journal of Al-Quds Open University for Research and Studies, Vol. 30, Part 1, June 2013, pp. 9-26.
X. Zeng, R. Bagrodia, and M. Gerla, “GloMoSim A Library for Parallel Simulation of Large-Scale Wireless Networks”, in Proceedings of the 12th ACM Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Simulation, Canada, 1998, pp. 154-161.
